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Genetic Variability, Heritability, Character Association and Morphological Diversity in Okra (abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench)

Khalid Syfullah
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Nasir Hossain Sani
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Saifullah Omar Nasif
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Sohely Parvin
Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Bangladesh.

Md. Mahasab Hossain Rony
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mohammad Saiful Islam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Sarowar Hossain
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis, path coefficient analysis and genetic divergence between yield and its contributing traits were studied in 28 okra genotypes. The phenotypic coefficient of variations was found slightly higher than the genotypic coefficient of variations for all characters studied, indicating that the apparent variation is not only genetic but also influenced by the growing environment in the expression of the traits. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed primary branches (43.91 and 33.64) and fruit yield per plant (37.51 and 32.48). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in percent of mean in number of plant height (97.32 and 29.98), no. of fruit per plant (88.55 and 50.44), fruit yield per plant (74.99 and 57.94), seed per fruit (73.02 and 34.00) and primary branches (58.70 and 53.10) suggested that these characters would be considered for varietal selection. The correlation studies revealed that fruit yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with no. of average fruit weight, number of fruit per, plant height and significantly negative correlation with seed per fruit at genotypic and phenotypic level which can be considered for selection of a good variety. Path analysis revealed days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight had direct positive effect on pod yield per plant, indicating these traits are the main contributors to fruit yield per plant. The divergence value for cluster analysis showed the highest inter-cluster distance between clusters I and V which indicates that these genotypes may provide high heterosis in hybridization and expected to show wide variability in genetic architecture. The selection of high yielding genotypes should give emphasis to the days to flowering (earliness), number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant and less seeds per fruit.

Keywords: Heritability, Genetic advance, Path analysis, Correlation, Okra

Location: Genetics and Plant Breeding Department of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-03-2017

End Date: 00-07-2017

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Okra

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to determine the genetic divergence, genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, character association in different okra genotypes and their direct and indirect contribution to fruit yield in okra with the ultimate goal of identifying the most diverse and high yielding genotypes for fruit yield

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of Genetics and Plant Breeding Department of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka Bangladesh during March 2017 to July 2017. The experimental site was at 90022′ E longitude and 23041′N latitude at an altitude of 8.6 meters above the sea level. The experimental area was under the subtropical monsoon climate zone, which was characterized by heavy rainfall, high humidity, high temperature and relatively long day during the growing season. The soil was sandy loam in texture having pH 5.47-5.63. The mean temperature of the growing period was 26.43°C with average maximum and minimum being 36°C and 20.54°C, respectively. 2.2 Plant Materials Twenty eight genotypes of okra were used in this study which was collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur and local market (Table 1). The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. In each block, each genotype was planted in one row of 8.4 m length and 1 m width, maintaining a plant to plant spacing of 0.6 m and accommodated 14 plants per plot. 2.4 Field Managements All the fertilizers were applied as recommended dozes following appropriate application timing and method. The recommended dosage of Urea, TSP, MP was applied in field at the rate of 150, 100, 150 Kg/ha respectively. Irrigation was applied once a week at emergence and every two weeks at flowering and pod production. Chemical (Sevine, Marshal and deltanet) and cultural practices (hand picking and remove infected plant part) were applied to control insect pest (feel beetle, mealybug, aphid). Tender fruits were harvested two times per week to estimate fruit yield while mature fruits were harvested when fruits turned to loss green color and dry pods for seed yield parameter. Data for different plant parameters were recorded from 10 plants of each genotype. Mature fruit seed characteristics were measured from two plants in each row. Genotypic and phenotypic variance was estimated by the formula used by Johnson et al. Heritability and genetic advance were measured using the formula given by Singh and Chaudhary. Cluster Analysis (CA) was done by using GENSTAT 5.13 and Microsoft Excel 2007 software. Data of eleven characters were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using MSTATC software program to test the presence of significant differences among accessions for the traits measured. It was also measure of mean, range, CV, standard deviation by this software. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), broad-sense heritability (H2 ) and expected genetic advance as percentage to mean (GAM) were computed. The phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients obtained from correlation study, were further partitioned into direct and indirect effects with the help of path coefficient analysis as suggested by Wright [9] and applied in plant breeding by Dewey and Lu. Diversity analysis was estimated from measured quantitative traits. Duncan’s Multiple Range (DMRT) was employed to identify genotypes that are significantly different from each other. Descriptive statistic was used for qualitative traits data.

Source of Information: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science; 25(6): 1-11, 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.9734/IJPSS/2018/45828

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Genetic advancement in okra is possible through varietal selection exercised for the plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, seeds per fruit and primary branches which showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Moderate to high positive or negative direct effects also exerted by these characters on fruit yield. Therefore, proper emphasis should be given to these characters in okra breeding program for fruit yield improvement. Considering diversity, variability and all agronomic traits the genotypes G1 and G18 could be selected from cluster I for earliness and high fruit yield of okra while G6 and G 20 could be selected for less seeds per fruit from cluster II.

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