This study relies on data sets made available by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and other national government and international institutes, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Bank. The house hold-level information on the number of family members, sex of the household head, decision to produce wheat and land allocated for wheat production are collected from the Agricultural Census 2008conducted by BBS. The Agricultural Census 2008 was deployed May 11–25 in 2008, in which a total of 28.69 million farm households were surveyed, of which 25.35 million were rural. Of these, 1.73 million were from Barisal, 4.88 million from Chittagong, 9.46 million from Dhaka,3.43 million from Khulna, 7.66 million from Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions, and 1.53 million were from Sylhet Division. Although the 2008 census covered all farm households in Bangladesh, the BBS provides access only to a randomly generated 5 per cent sample of the entire census data, resulting in 1,163,147 households in 480 sub-districts in 64 districts in all seven divisions of Bangladesh. In addition, data on sub-district level crop areas (ha) that are very suitable, suitable, and moderately suitable for wheat production are collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC). The wheat suitability map, as well as the total number of sampled households by division considered in this study, and the percentage of the households that produce wheat at the division level. Note that for 20 newly declared sub-districts located in Brahmanbaria (B. Baria), Bogra, Chandpur, Comilla, Cox’s Bazar, Feni, Laxmipur, Noakhali, Maulavibazar, Meherpur, Patuakhali, Pirojpur, Sunamganj, Sylhet, and Tangail districts, the information on suitable areas for wheat crops is unavailable. In that case, the wheat-crop suitable area and the total crop area of the older sub-districts were used and replaced in the corresponding newly declared sub-districts. To capture the influence of the flood-water inundation on wheat production at the sub-district level land allocation for wheat production, we collected and used land elevation data at the sub-district level from BARC. Based on the depth of the flood water in centimeters (cm), BARC has classified total land area of the country at the sub-district level into highland (less than 30 cm), medium highland (30–90 cm), medium lowland (90–180 cm), low land(180–300 cm), very low land (more than 300 cm), and miscellaneous types of land in ha.This study exclusively considered the extent of highland (ha) at the sub-district levels in which flood water should not stay long, thus allowing farmers to plant wheat at the correct time.To see the impact of the availability of seeds, the information on the number of government-registered seed dealers (numbers) at the sub-district level was collected from an online data base made available by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA). This study used a distance variable (km)that shows the distance between the sampled sub-districts and the corresponding district headquarters to see the effects of large cities on the production of wheat in the nearest suburbs.To capture the influence of the number of households, literacy rates, and physical infrastructure such as the availability of electricity on the allocation of land at the sub-district level (if any),the data on the number of households, % of households connected to electricity, and the literacy rate (%) at the sub-district level were collected from the population and housing census of2011. Finally, to capture the influence of the extent of irrigated areas on wheat production, data on irrigated land are collected at the sub-district level (ha) from minor irrigation survey reports from 2012 to 2013 of the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC, 2013). Note that the use of 2011 census data on the number of households, the literacy rate (%) and the irrigated area in 2012–2013 to determine the proportion of wheat land at the sub-district level in2008 may generate a data-matching problem. However, it is expected that within two to three years, one cannot expect a big change in the literacy rate, electrification, and population growth in a developing country such as Bangladesh, where, because of shortages of electricity and natural gas, the government has almost stopped the rural electrification and gas connection programs. In fact, this is the best available data and it can be used to control for sub-district-level influences on the allocation of land for wheat production at the sub-district level.