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Yield Performance of Some Transplant Aman Rice Varieties as Influenced by Different Levels of Nitrogen

A. K. M. R. Kabir
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. H. Iman
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

M. M. A. Mondal
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensing

S. Chowdhury
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field of Sutiakhali, Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla, Mymensingh, during the period from April, 2009 to March, 2010 to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers along with half chemical fertilizers on the growth, bulb and flower yield of tuberose cv. single. The experiment consisted of four different sources of fertilizers viz., (i) recommended chemical fertilizers @ 400, 300, 300 and 100 kg ha^-1 of urea, TSP, MP and gypsum, respectively; (ii) vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 along with half of chemical fertilizers; (iii) poultry litter @ 20 t ha^-¹ along with half of chemical fertilizers and (iv) cowdung @ 20 t ha^-¹ along with half of chemical fertilizers. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that plant height, leaf number plant^-1, leaf length and breadth and number of side shoots plant^-1, bulb production plant^-1, bulb length, bulb diameter and bulb yield both per plant and per hectare, rachis length, spike length and diameter, number of florets spike^-¹ and flower yield both per spike and per hectare were greater in organic fertilizers along with half chemical fertilizers than absolute use of chemical fertilizers. The highest bulb and flower yield both per plant and per hectare were recorded in poultry manures followed by cowdung. The bulb and flower yields were higher in poultry manures might be due to increased side shoots number, bulb size and flowers plant^-1. In contrast, the lowest bulb and flower yields were recorded in chemical fertilizers due to production of fewer side bulb and flowers plant^-1.

Keywords: Inorganic fertilizer, Organic fertilizer, Flower yield, Tuberose

Location: Sutiakhali, Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-04-2009

End Date: 00-03-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Rice

Objectives:

The present investigations were undertaken to study the effect of different organic manures on growth and yield of tuberose.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the farmer’s field of Sutiakhali, Mymensingh Sadar Upazilla, Mymensingh, during the period from April, 2009 to March, 2010. The soil of the experimental plot is silty loam having a total nitrogen 0.062%, organic matter 1.11%, available phosphorus 18.4 ppm, exchangeable potassium 0.28 meq%, sulphur 17 ppm and pH 6.8. The experiment comprised four different sources of fertilizers viz., (i) recommended chemical fertilizers @ 400, 300, 300 and 100 kg ha-1of urea, TSP, MP and gypsum, respectively; (ii) vermicompost @ 5 t ha^-1 along with half of chemical fertilizers; (iii) poultry litter @ 20 t ha^-1 along with half of chemical fertilizers and (iv) cowdung @ 20 t ha^-¹ along with half of chemical fertilizers. The widely cultivated variety, Tuberose Single was used as planting material. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The size of the unit plot was 2 m × 3 m. Urea, Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), Muriate of Potash (MP) and gypsum were used as source of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur, respectively. Full dose of cow dung (20 t/ha), vermicompost (5 t/ha), poultry litter (20 t/ha), TSP (300 kg/ha; 150 kg/ha, as per treatment) and gypsum (100 kg/ha; 50 kg/ha, as per treatment) were incorporated during final land preparation. The total dose of urea (400 kg/ha; 200 kg/ha, as per treatment) and MP (300 kg/ha; 150 kg/ha as per treatment) were applied in three equal installments. The first installment was applied at 30 days after planting. The second and third installments were applied at 65 and 100 days, respectively after planting.The bulbs were planted in each unit plot at about depth of 6 cm on April 20, 2009. The planting distance was 25 cm× 25 cm between row to row and plant to plant. The plots were kept weed free by regular weeding. The soil was mulched frequently after irrigation by breaking the crust for easy aeration and to conserve soil moisture. The experimental plots were irrigated as and when necessary during the crop period. As a preventive measure against the insect pest, Dursban 20 EC was applied @ 0.2% at 15 days interval for three times starting from 20 days after emergence of bulb. Dithane M-45 @ 0.2% was sprayed to check the fungal infection. The spikes of tuberose were harvested when the first floret in the rachis opened. Harvesting was done during 22 August 2009 to 14 January, 2010 and bulb and bulblet were harvested on 16 March, 2010. The spikes of tuberose were harvested when the first floret in the rachis opened. Data on various plant characters like morphological, bulb and floral characters were taken from 10 randomly selected plants from each plot. Bulb and flower yields of each plot was recorded and then converted into tons/ha. The collected data were then analyzed statistically using the statistical computer package program, MSTAT-C.

Source of Information: J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 55-59, 2011 ISSN 1999-7361

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Achievement/Findings:

Many workers reported that flower yield increased due to vermicompost application @ 10 t ha^-1 in tuberose (Singh, 2000; Padaganur et al., 2005; Marban et al., 2008; Shankar et al., 2010; Mitra, 2010). In the present experiment, vermicompost was applied @ 5 t ha^-1 (due to costly than poultry litter and cowdung) that might be much less dose than the requirement. That is why, vermicompost performed inferior to poultry manure and cowdung. However, vermicompost also showed increased flower yield over chemical fertilizers. Again, the price of poultry litter and cowdung are almost similar even some where the price of poultry litter is less than cowdung. Therefore, application of poultry litter @ 20 t ha^-¹ with half chemical fertilizers may be advisable for tuberose cultivation.

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