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Effect of Low Temperature on Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Content on the Seedlings of Some Selected Boro Rice Varieties

Md. Omar Kayess
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Md. Mahmudul Hassan
Upazila Agriculture Officer, Department of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Chirirbandar, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Md. Nurhasan
Agriculture Extension Officer, Department of Agriculture Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Kaharole, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Kawsar Ahmed
Agriculture Extension Officer, Department of Agriculture Extension, Ministry of Agriculture, Biral, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted to screen out the low-temperature tolerant Boro rice seedlings from November 2012 to January 2013 for facing the upcoming rice production challenge in Northwest Bangladesh. The experimental time was characterized by a prevailing low environmental temperature of below 15°C. Five rice cultivars (V1: BR-2; V2: BR-16; V3: Pariza; V4: Minicate; V5: BRRI dhan 50) were selected for the study. The leaf proline, chlorophyll content and total carotenoid content were investigated. The V2 (BR-16) seedling synthesized the higher leaf proline (1.228 g·g^-¹) at a low temperature than those of other tested cultivars. Again, the highest amount of chlorophyll-a (3.957 g·g^-¹), chlorophyll-b (2.118 g·g^-¹), chlorophyll-a/b ratio (3.6754 mg·g^-¹) and total chlorophyll (5.051 g·g^-¹) was measured in V2 (BR-16). The maximum total carotenoid (1.213 g·g^-¹) was also observed in V2. In this experiment, the V2 (BR-16) showed comparatively better potentiality to survive at low temperatures (below 15°C) than other varieties.

Keywords: Low Temperature, BORO Rice Seedling, Proline, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid Content

Location: Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-01-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

As the cold environment has numerous adverse effects on rice production, we should screen out cold stress-tolerant rice variety or varieties suitable for the Boro season cultivation prevailing the temperature 15?C in Bangladesh. Keeping the above facts in mind the present research was carried out to know the effect of low temperature on chlorophyll and carotenoid content on some selected Boro rice varieties.

Methodology:

Plant Material: Five hybrids as we as local rice cultivars were utilized in this study. Seeds of these chosen rice cultivars were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Development Cooperation (BADC). Experimental Site, Design and Seedling Rising: The experiment was conducted at the research field of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The study site belongs to AEZ-1 (Agro-ecological Zone-1) and is located in 25.13⁰N latitude and 88.23⁰E longitude with an elevation of 34.5 m above the mean sea level. The selected rice cultivars are grown in small plots laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The whole study area was divided into three blocks and each block was divided into five units maintaining the plot dimension to 2 × 2 m². The plot to plot distance was 30 cm. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC) recommended rice production practice was followed in this experiment. The experimental site is characterized by heavy rainfall during the months from May to September and minimum rainfall during the winter season as it is situated in the tropical climatic zone. The experimental field soil was sandy loam in texture with medium high land having soil pH 6.0. The seeds of selected five rice cultivars were sown in a previously prepared seedbed. At the rate of 330 g per plot, the sprouted seeds were placed in individual plots without any biases. Proper irrigation was made as and when needed and different intercultural practices were done at 20 and 27 days after sowing (DAS). Proline Content Determination of Rice Seedling: For the determination of Proline Fresh leaf samples from rice seedlings at different times were used. By using the acid Ninhydrin method free Proline content was estimated. The fresh leaf sample (about 45 mg) by weight was collected in an eppendorf tube containing 0.5 ml 3% sulfosalicylic acid and homogenized well-using eppendorfpastle. It was then placed on a vortex blender for approximately 10 minutes. After that 0.5 ml of 3%, sulfosalicylic acid was added in it again. The eppendorf tube was at that point centrifuged for 20 minutes at 25?C temperature with 15,000 rpm. With the help of a micropipette then the supernatant was collected in a test tube carefully. Then, in the eppendorf tube, 1.0 mL of 3% sulfosalicylic acid was added again and centrifuged for 20 minutes at 25⁰C temperature with 15,000 rpm followed by mixing well using vortex mixer for 10 minutes. The supernatant was collected and included in the already collected supernatant. Acid ninhydrin solution was made by including 1.25 g ninhydrin with 30 mL glacial acetic acid and 20 mL of 6 M phosphoric acid and warmed it until it dissolved. Standard proline arrangement was moreover arranged by including 0, 1, 5, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 µg per 2 mL of 3% sulfosalicylic acid in test tubes for preparing a standard curve. Then 2 mL each of glacial acetic acid and acid ninhydrin solution was included in the test tubes containing sample and standard Proline solution. Test tubes were then warmed for 15 minutes in dry block radiator keeping up the 96⁰C - 100⁰C temperature and the reaction was ended in an ice bath. Optical densities of the solutions (test and standard solution) were measured at 520 nm wavelength utilizing a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Amount of Proline was determined from a standard curve. Chlorophyll Content Determination of Rice Seedling: By the method described by Chlorophyll content of rice seedling was determined. On the other hand, total chlorophyll was determined using the formulae given by. Concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), chlorophyll-b (Chl-b), total chlorophyll and total carotenoid was measured by using following formula:

Chl-a = 12.21 A₆₆₃ − 2.81A₆₄₆ (µg?ml⁻¹ of plant extract or mg?g⁻¹ fresh weight)

Chl-b = 20.13 A₆₄₆ − 5.03 A₆₆₃

Total chlorophyll = 17.76 (A₆₄₆) + 7.34 (A₆₆₃)

Total carotenoid = 17.76 (A₆₄₆) + 7.34 (A₆₆₃)

However, data were collected on Proline content, chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a and b) and total carotenoid content of the seedling. The collected data were analyzed statistically by using the statistical computer package program, MSTAT-C.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences > Vol.11 No.2, February 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2020.112010

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on the above parameters studied, it can be concluded that the V2 (BR-16) performed better among the studied varieties and might be selected for cultivation in an environment where temperature prevails below 15⁰C.

Knowledge Management: Journal