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Development of Feed with Probiotics and Optimization of Feeding Strategies for Commercially Important Fish Farming

Dr. Md. Zulfikar Ali
Chief Scientific Officer
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Six experimental diets (iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic) were formulated to contain 35, 35 and 32% crude protein and 15.51 kJ g^-1, 18.50 kJ g^-1 and 18.38. kJ g^-1 gross energy for Anabas testudineus, Heteropneustes fossilis and Pangasianodon hypopthalmus (feeding trail-2). Feeds were prepared using locally available fish feed ingredients. The selected five types of probiotics (i) Bactocell (lactic acid producing bacteria, Pediococcus acidilactici); (ii) Bacillus subtilis; (iii) Levucell (yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (iv) Mixed (Pediococcus acidilactici + Bacillus subtilis + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and (v) Navio plus (Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus licheniformis + Bacillus megaterium + Lactobaciluus acidophilis + Lactobacillus plantarum + Saccharomyces cerevisiae were added the diets following the recommended dose by the manufacturers. A control diet was prepared with same feed ingredients without mixing probiotic. Each dietary treatment was conducted in duplicate tanks. Feeding rate was adjusted based on weekly sampling weights of fish. The fish were offered the experimental and control diets, 2-3 times daily at the rate of 10-6% of their body weight and sub-divided into 3 equal feeds at 9.00, 13.30 and 18.00 h. Significantly highest (P > 0.05) growth rate in term of final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish consuming probiotics containing diets. Significantly lowest (P > 0.05) growth rate was observed fish fed control diet (diet 1). Food conversion ratio (FCR) with fish fed probiotics containing dietds showing significantly (P < 0.05) the lowest i.e. the best FCR.

Keywords: Fish Feed, Probiotics, Heteropneustes fossilis

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To evaluate the potential of using selected probiotics in the formulated diets for Heteropneustes fossilis.
To investigate the suitability of utilizing restricted feeding in this fish.
To recommend the potential probiotics as feed additives in the formulated diets.
To develop and optimize feeds and feeding strategies in H. fossilis farming.

Methodology:

Three experimental diets were formulated to contain 25, 30 and 35% crude protein and 17.07, 14.62 and 12.12 kJ g^-1 gross energy. The diets had P/E ratio of 20.52 mg protein per kJ GE and lipid to carbohydrate ratio (L/CHO ratio) g/g of 0.44 was fixed on the basis of results obtained from previous studies (optimize P/E ratio and L/CHO ratio) and to meet determined requirements for maximum growth of this species. Fish meal and mustard oil cake were used as protein source. Lipid source was soybean oil. Rice bran and starch were used as sources of carbohydrate. Alpha-cellulose was used as filler and carboxymethyl cellulose was used as a binder at a rate of 2%. Vitamin and mineral premix (Mega Vit Aqua, Novatise) was added at a rate of 0.10%. The bite-sized (1.0-2.0 mm) pellet feeds were made with the help of hand pellet machine. The pelleted feeds were sun-dried or dried an oven at 40° C for two days. Each dietary treatment was conducted in duplicate tanks. Feeding rate was adjusted based on weekly sampling weights of fish.

Source of Information: Annual Report 2017-19. 232 p.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) : 21,00,000

Achievement/Findings:

The growth performance of Heteropneustes fossilies in terms of final weight, mean weight gain, % weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR, % per day), FCR, PER, survival (%), production (kg/ha.) were evaluated. Significantly higher (P > 0.05) growth rate in term of final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed probiotics containing diets and lowest (P > 0.05) the control diet (without mixing probiotic). Food conversion ratio (FCR) values ranges between 2.98 to 3.13 with fish fed probiotics containing diets showing significantly (P < 0.05) the lower i.e. the better FCR. The total production (kg/ha) of shing for 6 months culture period are 2,675 to 4,015 kg/ha with Bactocell containing diet resulting higher production of 4,015 kg/ha. From the results of this feeding trial, it is logical to conclude that feed incorporated with the probiotics, can be used as a fish feed in Heteropneustes fossilies (shing) culture, to enhance fish health, better feed efficiency and growth performance. The overall results of the feeding trails provide evidence of the potential applicability of probiotics as feed additives for maximizing production with minimizing cost of production of shing farming.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings