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Efficacy and Economics of Different Need Based Nitrogen Management Approaches in Winter Rice

Nilufar Akhtar Jahan
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Sabina Yeasmin
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Parvez Anwar
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; 2Weed Management Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Ariful Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Hamidur Rahman
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Mominul Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; 2Weed Management Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This experiment aimed to study the efficacy of different nitrogen (N) management approaches in winter rice. The experiment consisted of two rice varieties: 1) BRRI (Bangladesh Rice Research Institute) dhan29-an inbred and 2) Dhanigold-a hybrid, and eight N management approaches: 1) BRRI recommended N (control), 2) Soil analysis based N management, 3) N application based on Agro-ecological zone, 4) 20 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤35 SPAD (Silicon photon activate diode) value, 5) 30 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤35 SPAD value, 6) 20 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤3.0 LCC (leaf colour chart) value, 7) 30 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤3.0 LCC value and 8) Urea Super Granule. Between two varieties, hybrid Dhani gold produced higher grain yield (6.67 t·ha^-1) than the inbred BRRI dhan29. Application of 20 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤3.0 LCC value gave the highest grain yield (7.10 t·ha^-1), whereas the lowest grain yield (5.92 t·ha^-1) was found from the SPAD approach with 20 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤35 SPAD value. In case of treatment interaction highest grain yield (7.34 t·ha^-1) was found in BRRI dhan29 coupled with 20 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤3.0 LCC value with 18 kg·N·savings·ha^-1 over control, maximum gross income (146,800 BDT·ha^-1) and net benefit (142,120 BDT·ha^-1), which was statistically identical with the grain yield from the interaction of Dhani gold and 30 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤3.0 LCC value but required 42 kg·extra·N·ha^-1 (over control). The lowest grain yield (5.19 t·ha^-1) was found when Dhanigold was coupled with 30 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤35 SPAD value, while the 20 kg·N·application·ha^-1 at ≤35 SPAD value gave moderate yield (6.87 t·ha^-1) with considerable higher gross (139,600 BDT·ha^-1) and net (136,090 BDT·ha^-1) incomes than the control (gross: 121,000 and net: 115,600 BDT·ha^-1). The results reveal that 20 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤3.0 LCC value appeared as the promising practice for inbred BRRI dhan29, and 30 kg·N·ha^-1 at ≤35 SPAD value for hybrid Dhanigold in terms of yield, N use efficiency and economic benefit of winter rice.

Keywords: Rice Nitrogen Demand, Leaf Color Chart, SPAD Meter, Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Nitrogen Economics

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2016

End Date: 00-05-2017

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Fertilizer, Rice

Objectives:

Current research was undertaken to compare the performance of different N management approaches in terms of productivity of hybrid and inbred winter rice varieties, and to find out the most efficient and cost-effective N management approach for increasing grain yield of winter rice.

Methodology:

Experimental Site and Soil The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory (90?25'35.2''E and 24?43'07.3''N), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during December 2016 to May 2017. The experimental site belongs to the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Agro-ecological zone (AEZ-9). The land was medium high and the soil was non-calcareous dark-grey, silty-loam textured slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.82), medium fertile and low in nitrogen (N) content (0.1%). Experimental Treatments and Design The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications consisting of two rice varieties; 1) BRRI dhan29' an inbred and 2) Dhani gold'a hybrid; and eight N management approaches; 1) BRRI recommended N, 2) Soil analysis based N management, 3) N application based on Agro-ecological zone (AEZ), 4) 20 kg-N-ha⁻¹ at ≤35 SPAD value, 5) 30 kg, N, ha⁻¹ at ≤35 SPAD value, 6) 20 kg, N, ha⁻¹ at ≤3.0 LCC value, 7) 30 kg, N, ha⁻¹ at ≤3.0 LCC value and 8) Urea Super Granule (USG). The size of the unit plot was 5 m² (2.5 m × 2 m) and the spaces between blocks and plots were 1 m and 0.5 m, respectively. Crop Husbandry Forty days old seedlings were transplanted in the puddled field using two seedlings hill⁻¹ on 5 January 2017. Triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate at the rate of 98, 165, 113 and 12 kg, ha⁻¹, respectively were applied as basal one day before transplanting. Nitrogenous fertilizer-urea was applied as per treatment specification. For the BRRI recommended N approach, prilled urea was applied in three equal splits at the rate of 300 kg, ha⁻¹ at 15, 35 and 65 days after transplanting (DAT). For the soil analysis based N management, prilled urea at the rate of 313 kg, ha⁻¹ (according to the soil test value) was applied at 15, 35 and 65 DAT. For the AEZ based N application approach, about 326 kg, prilled, urea, ha⁻¹ was applied by following the splits mentioned before. For the SPAD and LCC treatments, prilled urea was applied when needed according to the treatments criteria. The SPAD and LCC readings were taken from the middle portion of the fully expanded leaves from 5 randomly selected hills from 20 DAT to heading at 10 day intervals. When the SPAD reading was down to critical value 35 and LCC value to 3.0, then the respective treatment plots were fertilized with allocated amount of urea. The pellets of USG as per treatment specification were placed at 3 - 4 inch depth at 15 DAT in the center of four hills in alternate rows. Intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Flood irrigation was applied to maintain a constant level of standing water up to 6 cm in early stage to enhance tillering and 10 - 12 cm in later stage to discourage late tillering. The field was finally drained out 15 days before harvest to enhance maturity. Plants were infested with rice stem borer and rice bug which were successfully controlled by applying Furadan @ 10 kg-ha⁻¹. Data Collection Five hills (excluding border hills) were randomly selected from each unit plot prior to harvest for recording data on different yield components and yield of rice. The date of harvesting was determined when 90% of the grains became golden yellow in color. An area of central 1 m² was harvested in each plot to record the yields of grain and straw. The harvested crop was then threshed, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of 14%. Weight of grain and straw were recorded and converted into t ha⁻¹. Statistical Analysis Data obtained were analyzed by MSTAT-Cstatistical computer package program using the “Analysis of variance” technique at 5% level of significance and mean differences was adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences > Vol.9 No.13, December 2018

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2018.913189

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

To conclude, SPAD or LCC based approach for N management in rice seems more effective than the existing BRRI recommended N management approach, and the performances of different N management approaches differ with rice varieties. In winter season, cultivation of BRRI dhan29 coupled with 20 kg N application ha⁻¹ at ≤3.0 LCC value and Dhani gold with 30 kg N application ha⁻¹ at ≤35 SPAD value can provide maximum grain yield with efficient and cost-effective N management. However, this conclusion is limited to the specific experimental site, varieties and season. Additional site-specific and multi-year research on this aspect is to be conducted to draw a final conclusion for determining best N management approach for a specific rice variety to achieve the maximum benefit.

Knowledge Management: Journal