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Effects of Some Major Plant Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Wet Season Rice

M. Kamrunnahar
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

Shahrear Ahmad
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

Mosud Iqbal
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Mahmuda Akter
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Aminul Islam*
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulphur (S) are the most important plant nutrients in terms of the extent of their deficiencies in the soils, and their potential for crop yield increases or losses. Present experiment was conducted in wet season of 2014 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur in a permanent layout first designed in dry season of 1985. Objectives of the research were to (i) study the effects of NPKS on growth and yield of wet season rice (ii) determine the yield limiting nutrient (s) in BRRI farm soil and NPKS doses for wet season rice (iii) examine the relationship between grain yield and some agronomic parameters of wet season rice. A popular modern rice variety BRRI dhan49 was tested with five fertilizer treatments: NPKS (complete), PKS (-N), NKS (-P), NPS (-K) and NPK (-S). The NPKS were applied @ 100-7-80-3 kg/ha. Considerable reduced plant height, tiller/m², panicle/m², grain and straw yield of BRRI dhan49 was recorded due to omission of N, K, P and S nutrients from the complete treatments. The highest yield reduction was recorded due to N omission and was found the most limiting nutrient in BRRI farm soil followed by K, P and S. Phosphorus omission delayed the flower initiation by 5 days and extended the life cycle of wet season rice by 4 days. Estimated doses of major plant nutrients for BRRI dhan49 rice cultivation were 116, 19, 54 and 3 kg/ha N, P, K and S, respectively.

Keywords: Limiting nutrient, NPKS doses, Yield, Harvest index

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Rice

Objectives:

(i) to study the effects of NPKS on growth and yield of wet season rice (ii) to determine the yield limiting nutrient (s) in BRRI farm soil and NPKS doses for wet season rice (iii) to examine the relationship between grain yield and some agronomic parameters of wet season rice.

Methodology:

2.1 Soil, Crop, experimental design and treatments The experiments were conducted in the research field of BRRI farm, Gazipur in a permanent layout. The permanent layout was first designed in Boro (dry) season 1985. The initial soil of the experimental field was clay loam in texture having pH 5.70, organic carbon 1.14%, total N 0.08%, available P 9.80 ppm, exchangeable K 70 mg/kg, available S 9.00 ppm and available Zn 3.30 ppm. In transplanted Aman (T. Aman, wet season) 2014 season, a popular BRRI modern variety BRRI dhan49 was tested with five fertilizer treatments: NPKS (complete), PKS (-N), NKS (-P), NPS (-K) and NPK (-S). NPKS @ 100-7-80-3 kg/ha. Dates of sowing and transplanting were 15.06.2014 and 21.07. 2014, respectively. The experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. The sources of N, P, K, and S were urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. One-third of N and the whole amount of P, K and S were applied at the time of final land preparation. The remaining two-third N was applied in two equal installments 25-30 days after transplanting and 7 days before panicle initiation stage (PI stage). Two rice seedlings (36 day-old) were transplanted in hills with 20 cm × 20 cm spacing under irrigated condition. Appropriate cultural and management practices including plant protection measures were followed during growing season. All plots were surrounded by 30 cm soil levees to avoid contamination between plots. 2.2 Data collection and analysis 2.2.1 Tillering pattern Number tiller/m² was counted at 15, 22, 29, 36, 42 and 49 days after transplanting (DAT) of rice seedlings. Ten hills from each treatment were selected randomly and marked with bamboo sticks. Then tiller number of each hill under a treatment was counted manually at above mentioned time. Tillers were expressed in number per square meter. 2.2.2 Flowering time Flowering time was recorded at the initiation of flowering. First flowering, 50% flowering and maturity time were recorded with eye estimation and regular field observation. 2.2.3 Agronomic and yield contributing parameters Plant height was determined by measuring the distance from the soil surface to the tip of the panicle of 10 random hills from each plot excluding border hills. Tillers and panicles/m² were determined by hand counting from 16 hill samples collected for straw yield estimation. At last the collected data were statistically analyzed. 2.2.4 Yield and harvest index 2.2.4.1 Grain yield The crops were harvested at maturity from 2.5 m × 2 m area (5 m², 125 hills) at 15 cm above ground level for grain yield calculation. The weight of grain in individual plot was recorded with the respective moisture content. Moisture content was recorded three times from each sample and averaged for grain yield calculation. Grain yields were recorded at 14% moisture.

Source of Information: Journal of Scientific Achievements, Apr 2017; 2 (4): 5-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The following conclusion can be drawn from the present study:1. Major plant nutrients significantly affected the yield and yield contributing characters as well as nutrient uptake and concentration in grain and straw of T. Aman rice cultivated in Grey Terrace soil of AEZ 28. 2. The yield limiting nutrients in this AEZ for rice cultivation were N, K, P and S. 3. Phosphorus omission delayed maturity time of T. Aman rice while N omission enhanced the maturity time. 4. The estimated N, P, K and S requirements to cultivate T. Aman rice under Grey Terrace soil were 116, 19, 54 and 3 kg/ha, respectively.

Knowledge Management: Journal