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Arthropod Ectoparasites of Cattle and Goats from Three Upazilas of Comilla District, Bangladesh

I Mannan
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

T Akter
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

S Ahmad
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods of cattle and goats in Daudkandi, Homna and Titas upazilas of Comilla district were investigated. During this study (December 2013 to November 2014) 299 cattle and 196 goats were examined; and among them 180 and 117 were found to be infested respectively. Seventeen species of ectoparasites (both larvae and adult) were identified and they are Haematopinus quadripertusus, Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli, Damalinia bovis, Stomoxys calcitrans, Musca domistica, Tabanus striatus, Diachlorus sp., Armigeres subalbatus, Ctenocephalides felis, Boophilus microplus, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis kinneari, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor sp. and Ixodes sp. The highest prevalence of ectoparasitic infestation (69.94%) were found in Titas and the lowest (53.34%) in Homna upazila. The intensity of ectoparasitic infestation was highest in Titas (12.20) and lowest in Homna (5.21) upazila. Cattle in Titas upazila showed highest prevalence (67.53%) and intensity (8.04) and Homna upazila showed lowest prevalence (48.63%) and intensity (5.55). Goats in Titas upazila showed highest prevalence (76.09%) and intensity (8.38), and Daudkandi upazila showed lowest prevalence (49.37%) and goats in Homna showed lowest intensity (4.80). This study quantifies the level of ectoparasitic infestation in cattle and goats which demands immediate control program and needs more intensive epidemiological study for detail identification of the constraints of animal health and production.

Keywords: Cattle, Goats, Ectoparasites, Prevalence, Intensity

Location: Daudkandi, Homna and Titas upazilas in Comilla district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-12-2013

End Date: 00-11-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Goat

Objectives:

This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of lice, ticks, fleas, flies, mites as veterinary ectoparasites in Daudkandi, Homna and Titas upazilas in Comilla district, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The present research was conducted in veterinary animals of Daudkandi, Homna and Titas upazilas in Comilla district, Bangladesh during the period from December 2013 to November 2014. Usually collection was accomplished 7a.m. to 4p.m. Random sampling was performed in the selected three villages from each upazila and 10-15 household from each of the village and 1-5 animals were examined from each household for ectoparasites. Total 297 infested animals (180 cattle and 117 goats) were selected randomly from different parts in each village for the convenience of the study and availability of the animals. Collection of ectoparasites: The selected animals were thoroughly investigated by close inspection for 10-15 minutes, parting the hairs against their natural direction for the detection of ectoparasites. Ectoparasites were collected from the different parts of the body of the individual animals. Lice were collected by small camel hair brush or comb. In order to collect the ticks from the host body, the point of attachment was smeared with 70% ethanol to loosen attachment of parasite with the host body surface. Then they were collected by slow and gentle pull with fine forceps or hand picking. A sheet of white paper placed just underneath the host’s body hair to avoid the chances of losing the ectoparasites during collection. Flies specimens were caught with the help of a swiping net and sometimes by the hand with great care so that the flies were not damaged or missed. They were caught from different body parts such as around the face, horn, and base of the ears, head, abdomen and legs. For collection of fleas, the hairs of the host body was carefully examined and after located the parasite, hairs are pressed two sides by the tip of finger and smeared a drop with 70% ethanol. Then they were collected by hand picking. Cleaning and preservation of ectoparasites: In order to clean the collected specimen were keep in a petri dish contains 70% ethanol and placed under the dissection microscope for removing the hairs and debris attaching to their bodies. After cleaning specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol in clean well-stopper glass vials which were labeled properly. Some specimens were preserved in tissue paper with naphthalene and then finally preserved in glass vials with 70% ethanol. Flies were preserved in well stopped plastic bottles for 2 to 3 days to protect their natural color for photography. After that flies were also preserved in 70% ethanol in glass vials. Identification of ectoparasites: Ectoparasites were identified on the basis of their external morphological characters (Body shape, size, color, appendages present or absent) with the help of dissecting (4x) and compound (10x, 40x) microscope. Identification of ectoparasites up to genera and species level were done following Imms (1942), Wall & Shearer (1997), Soulsby (1982), Ahmad, 2010 (a, b), Ahmad, 2010.

Source of Information: Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(2): 35-45, 2019 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v8i2.49835

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study quantifies the level of ectoparasitic infestation in cattle and goats which demands immediate control program and needs more intensive epidemiological study for detail identification of the constraints of animal health and production.

Knowledge Management: Journal