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Genetic Diversity in Modern T. Aman Rice Varieties of Bangladesh (oryza Sativa L.)

M.R. Biswash
Adaptive Research Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

M. Sharmin
Horticulture Research Center Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

N.M.F. Rahman*
Agricultural Statistics Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

T. Farhat
Department of Entomology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityShere Bangla NagarDhaka-1207 Bangladesh

M.A. Siddique
Genetic Resources and Seed Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701 Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted from June to December, 2013 to study the genetic diversity of 15 modern T. Aman rice varieties of Bangladesh (Oryza sativa L.) with a view to assess the superior genotype in future hybridization program for developing new rice varieties that are suitable for the target environment. Analysis of variance for each trait showed significant differences among the varieties. High heritability associated with a high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed for plant height and thousand seed weight which indicated that selection for these characters would be effective. Hence, thrust has to be given for these characters in future breeding programs to improve the yield trait in rice. Multivariate analysis based on 10 agronomic characters indicated that the 15 varieties were grouped into four distant clusters. The inter-cluster distance was maximum between cluster II and cluster IV. The highest intra-cluster distance was found in cluster IV. Based on the positive value of vector 1 and vector 2, plant height and 1000-seed weight had maximum contribution towards genetic divergence. From the results, it can be concluded that the varieties BRRI dhan40, BRRI dhan44, BRRI dhan46, BRRI dhan49 and BINA dhan7 may be selected for future hybridization programs.

Keywords: Cluster analysis; Genetic divergence; Multivariate analysis; Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to identify the contribution of character to genetic diversity and to identify divergent genotypes for hybridization programs expecting to provide superior segregates.

Methodology:

Fifteen rice varieties were collected from the genebank of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). The experiment was conducted at the experiment field of Gazipur during T. Aman 2012 using randomized complete block design with three replications. The soil type of the experimental field belongs to the shallow red-brown terrace type under Salna Series of Madhupur Tractof Agro-ecological Zone (AEZ)-28 which is characterized by silty clay with pH value of 5.92. Twenty-six days old seedlings from each entry were planted in 5 × 4 m plot with 25 × 15 cm spacing using a single seedling per hill. All necessary cultural operations and management practices were employed whenever needed. At maturity, 10 m2 area was harvested for estimating grain yield excluding border area and yield was adjusted at 14% moisture level. Observations were made from ten randomly selected plants and data were taken on plant height (cm), flag leaf blade length (cm), tillers per hill (no.), panicle length (cm), primary branches per panicle (no.), secondary branches per panicle (no.), panicle per m2 (no.), filled grains per hill (no.), 1000 seed weight (g) and grain yield (t/ha). Mean data for each character were subjected to both univariate and multivariate analysis. For univariate analysis, analysis of variance was done individually by F test. Genetic diversity was worked out following principal component analysis (PCA) (Rao 1964), principal coordinate analysis (PCO)(Digby et al. 1989) and cluster analysis was performed by D2 analysis (originally outlined by Mahalanobis (1936) and extended by Rao (1952). Multivariate analysis viz. principal component analysis, principal coordinate analysis, cluster analysis were performed using GENSTAT 5.13 program and Microsoft Excel 2007 software.

Source of Information: Sains Malaysiana 45(5)(2016): 709–716

Article Link (Online Journal):

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

There is significant genetic diversity among the tested genotypes that indicates the presence of excellent opportunities to bring about improvement through wide hybridization by crossing genotypes with high genetic distance. Plant height and number of filled grains per plant were the important component characters having a higher contribution to the genetic divergence. Wide genetic diversity was observed in 15 varieties of rice, which were grouped into four clusters and the most diverse varieties were BRRI dhan46 and BRRI dhan49. That variability could be used for breeding materials of the future breeding programs of rice in Bangladesh. High heritability coupled with the high genetic advance in percent of mean was observed in plant height and thousand seed weight. Hence, yield improvement in rice would be achieved through the selection of these characters. The varieties of clusters IV were more diverse from the varieties of cluster I

Knowledge Management: Journal