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Performance of Four Different Rice Cultivars Under Drought Stress in the North-western Part of Bangladesh

Montasir Ahmed*
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Md. Ehsanul Haq
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Monir Hossain
Institute of Seed Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Shefat-al-Maruf
Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Mir Mehedi Hasan
Adaptive Research Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drought stress has become a regular phenomenon for the rice farmers during late aman season (June to October) in the northwestern part of Bangladesh. The experiment was carried out at the regional station, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Rajshahi, Bangladesh during Transplanted aman (T. aman) season in 2014. The experiment comprised of four different rice cultivars viz. BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57 and Ganja. The experiment was laid under two different field conditions i.e. drought stress and control condition. Days required for 50% flowering, total growth duration, plant height, number of panicle m-2, number of tiller m-2 and grain yield was recorded during the experiment. The yield reduction in stress condition, control and stress tolerance index (STI) were calculated. Among the four varieties, the results revealed that Ganja and BRRI dhan56 performed better during the drought stress and the control condition. Ganja and BRRI dhan56 gave the highest value for grain yield in both conditions. Yield reduction percentage was lower in both Ganja and BRRI dhan56. STI was also found to be higher in these two varieties, which indicate the ability to give stable yield performance under stress condition. Ganja and BRRI dhan56 cultivars can be cultivated in drought-prone area with better yield.

Keywords: Rice, Oryza sativa L., T. aman, STI, Drought stress

Location: Regional station, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Rajshahi in Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was taken to check the yield performance of four different rice cultivars under drought condition, to make a yield comparison between drought stress and control condition, and to find the suitable cultivars for production under drought stress condition.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the regional station, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Rajshahi in Bangladesh during Transplanted aman (T. aman) season in 2014. Experimental sites were under “High Ganges River Floodplain” (AEZ 11) agro-ecological zone of Bangladesh, which is predominantly highland to medium highland. General soil type of this area is calcareous brown floodplain soils and the soil fertility level is low with low organic matter content. Four different rice cultivars viz. BRRI dhan39, BRRI dhan56, BRRI dhan57 and Ganja were used as study materials. Among the cultivars, BRRI dhan39 was a short duration rainfed lowland rice variety; BRRI dhan56 and BRRI dhan57 were short duration drought-tolerant rice varieties. These three varieties were developed and were released by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Ganja was short duration local variety cultivated in the northwestern part of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. The experiment was set up under two field conditions i.e. drought stress and control condition with three replication. Unit plot size 5 m × 2 m. Twenty-three-days old seedling of each variety was transplanted with 15 cm × 20 cm spacing at all conditions. Fertilizer recommendation dose for short duration T. aman rice varieties was N:P:K:S= 127:52:82:60 kg ha-1. The land was prepared by several plowing and cross plowing followed by laddering. A full dose of TSP, MoP, and Gypsum was applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied as top dress in three equal split. All other intercultural operations were carried out following standard procedure. Irrigation was sieged from the drought-stress condition after 20 days from transplanting. Besides, irrigation was done as required in control plots. Three 100 cm long perforated PVC pipe was set up at drought-stressed plots for measuring groundwater table throughout the experimental period. Water table data was collected from drought-stressed at three days interval. Temperature, rainfall, evaporation, sunshine hours and solar radiation was recorded throughout the experimental period. Days required for 50% flowering and total growth duration was recorded for each plot. Plant height, no. of panicle m-2 , no. of tiller m-2 and yield was recorded at the time of harvest. 2.1. Weather Condition During the experimental period, the weather was suitable for drought condition. From September 14, 2014 to November 16, 2014, average temperature, solar radiation, and evaporation was at a range of 21°C to 32°C, 186.16 Cal cm-2 to 433.13 Cal cm-2 and 1 mm to 9 mm respectively. In addition, rainfall was little, just 5 times during experimental period. Because of the weather condition and sieging of irrigation, drought-stressed plots got on moderate to severe drought from panicle initiation to maturity. Groundwater table gradually decreased and the water table was reached below 40 cm at 35 days after transplanting (Figure 3). Where the average depth of rice root zone is 30 cm to 40 cm. 2.2. Stress Tolerance Index (STI) Stress tolerance index (STI) was calculated by following formula STI= (Y_S ×YP)/ (Y? _P ²) (1) Where, Y_S= yield under stress, Y_P= yield of non-stress (control), and Y_P?= yield mean in non-stress (control) conditions. 2.3. Data Analysis Data generated were subjected to Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) and combined analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Source of Information: International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 2017, 7(6): 134-139

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5923/j.ijaf.20170706.03

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is concluded from the present study that Ganja and BRRI dhan56 both perform well in drought stress among the four varieties. Ganja and BRRI dhan56 both gave the highest panicle number, tiller number, and yield among the tested varieties. Lower yield reduction in drought stress and Higher STI value was also observed in Ganja and BRRI dhan56. Finally, it can be recommended that Ganja and BRRI dhan56 both can be cultivated in drought prone area to get a better yield.

Knowledge Management: Journal