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Yield and Growth Response to Transplanted Aman Rice Under Raised Bed Over Conventional Cultivation Method

M. H. M. Bhuyan
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Mst. R. Ferdousi
Islamia Academy High School and Agriculture College, Bagha, Rajshahi 6280, Bangladesh

M. T. Iqbal
Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Extension, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bed planting method for rice production systems is very new and research on it is still at an introductory phase. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on the growth and yield of transplanted aman rice (both irrigated and rain fed). This study also evaluates the water and fertilizer application efficiency of rice cropping system under bed planting method. Results showed that the bed planting method increased grain yield of rice up to 16% than the conventional method. Bed planting also increased the number of panicle m−2, number of grains panicle−1, and 1000-grainweight of rice than conventional method. Sterility percentage and weed infestation were lower in bed planting than conventional method. About 42% of the irrigation water and time for application could be saved through bed planting in transplanted aman rice cropping system. Water use efficiency and crop productivity for grain production were higher in bed planting over conventional method. This study concluded that bed planting method is a new approach for optimum fertilizer and water use efficiency as well as higher yield compared to conventional flat method.

Keywords: Yield, Growth, Transplanted Aman, Rice, Raised Bed, Conventional Cultivation Method

Location: Chuadanga, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-08-2011

End Date: 00-11-2011

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

Therefore, bed planting for rice production systems is an emerging researchable issue. Determination of different agronomic aspects of bed planting for rice production systems like appropriate width of beds, optimum number of plant rows per bed seed, and fertilizer rates are essential for development of sustainable resource conservation technologies. It will be hypothesized that bed planting method will have more yield,water, and fertilizer use efficiency than conventional method.

Methodology:

Experimental Site and Soil. The experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field in Chuadanga during August to November/2011. The soil of the experiment plot was silt loam with pH 7. 30.2.2. Cultivator. The aman rice variety SORNO was used asan experimental plant. Because, this variety is widely used by the farmers in the Chuadanga district of Bangladesh. 2.3. Experimental Design. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications.The combination of treatments was randomly distributed in the plots within a block. The unit plot size was 8 m² (4 m×2m). 2.4. Land Preparation. The land was prepared conventionally. The final land preparation was done by ploughing and cross ploughing by two wheel power tiller with two laddering before two days of transplanting. One day before transplanting the plots was laid out as per experimental design. 2.5. Bed Preparation. Raised bed and furrows were made manually by spade following the conventional land preparation. According to the treatments 60 cm (centre to centre of furrows) width bed were made. For the 60 cm bed, the top of the raised bed were 35 cm and furrow between beds were 25 cm. The beds were made one day before transplanting the plots according to lay out of the experiment. The heights of beds were 15 cm. 2.6. Fertilizer Application.The crop was fertilized with N, P,K, S, and Zn at the rates of 100, 20, 35, 10, and 4 kg ha−1,respectively. The sources of N, P, K, S, and Zn were urea,TSP, MP, gypsum, and ZnSO4, respectively. The all of TSP, MP, gypsum, and ZnSO4 were applied at the time of final land preparation as basal dose in the plots with conventional treatment. In the plots with bed planting treatments, the basal doses were applied before transplanting on the top of the beds. The urea was top dressed in three equal splits at 15,30, and 50 days after transplanting (DAT).2.7. Transplanting of Seedlings.Thirty day old seedlings were uprooted from the seedbed without making any injury to them and transplanted on the same day. Two to three seedlings hill−1were transplanted maintaining row spacing at 25 cm and plant to plant spacing of 15 cm. Irrigation water was applied one day before transplanting between the furrows of bed to make the soil soft. 2.8. Irrigation.Though transplant aman rice was a rainfed crop, supplemental irrigation was needed for preparation of the plots with conventional treatment and for the bed planting of all plots. Another supplemental irrigation was done for all plots at flowering stage of rice.2.9. Weeding.Manual weeding was done twice in the transplant aman rice field during growth period. The plots were weeded at 15 and 30 DAT. Weed samples from each plot were collected at the time of weeding for comparing weed population and dry biomass yield of different treatments. 2.10. Pest Control. The rice was infested by stem borer at tillering stage and by rice bug at grain filling stage. Furadan5 G at the rate of 10 kg ha−1was applied at 40 DAS and Malathion 57 EC 5 G at the rate of 1 L ha⁻¹ was applied at grain filling stage to control stem borer and rice bug, respectively. 2.11. Crop Harvesting.Rice was harvested and threshed by using pedal thresher. 2.12. Statistical Analysis of Data. The experiment was con-ducted with randomized complete block design replicated three times. All statistical analysis was conducted by t-test.

Source of Information: International Scholarly Research Net work ISRN Agronomy Volume 2012, Article ID 646859, 8pages

Article Link (Online Journal): doi:10.5402/2012/646859

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study concludes that raised beds increased rice yield16% than by the conventional tillage on the flat. Raised bed also reduced irrigation water requirement by 42% and so increased irrigation efficiency. This findings conclude that water and fertilizer use efficiency for grain production and crop productivity were higher in bed planting than conventional method. The potential gains from growing rice production on raised beds are considered to be associated with better agronomic management than conventional method. Also, the crust problem on the soil surface was eliminated and soil physical status was greatly improved in bed planting plot over conventional flat system.Based on the findings of this single season experiment,high yielding aman rice (depends on both irrigation and rainfall) crops have been successfully grown on raised bed;however, this research needs further validation. In this perspective, further study is under way to investigate yield and growth response of transplanted boro rice (completely depends on irrigation) under conventional and bed planting method. Therefore, further research about raised bed over conventional method will be focused on water and fertilizer use efficiency for boro rice (irrigated) production.

Knowledge Management: Journal