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Application of Potential Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria and Organic Acids on Phosphate Solubilization from Phosphate Rock in Aerobic Rice

Qurban Ali Panhwar
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Shamshuddin Jusop
Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Umme Aminun Naher
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Radziah Othman
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Mohd Ismail Razi
Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted at Universiti Putra Malaysia to determine the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and organic acids (oxalic & malic) on phosphate (P) solubilization from phosphate rock (PR) and growth of aerobic rice. Four rates of each organic acid (0,10,20, and 30 mM), and substrain (Bacillussp.) were applied to aerobic rice. Total bacterial populations, amount of P solubilization, P uptake, soil pH, and root morphology were determined. The results of the study showed significantly high Psolubilization in PSB with organic acid treatments. Among the two organic acids, oxalic acid was found more effective compared to malic acid. Application of oxalic acid at 20 mM along with PSB16 significantly increased soluble soil P (28.39 mg kg⁻¹), plant P uptake (0.78 P pot⁻¹), and plant biomass (33.26 mg). The addition of organic acids with PSB and PR had no influence on soil pH during the planting period. A higher bacterial population was found in the rhizosphere (8.78 log10cfu g−1) compared to the nonrhizosphere and endosphere regions. The application of organic acids along with PSB enhanced soluble P in the soil solution, improved root growth, and increased plant biomass of aerobic rice seedlings without affecting soil pH.

Keywords: Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteriaand, Organic Acids, Phosphate Rock, Aerobic Rice

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of different rates of organic acids with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on P solubilization and their effect on the growth of aerobic rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted under in vitro conditions. PSB16 (Bacillus sp.) isolated from aerobic rice rhizosphere, which was tested to produce indoleacetic acid, P solubilization, organic acids, and siderophore production in vitro condition. The isolated strain was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with accession number JX103827. Four rates each of oxalic and malic acids (0, 10, 20, and 30 mM) and PR (Christmas Island Rock Phosphate) at 60 kg P2O5ha⁻¹ were applied. The aerobic rice (varM9) was grown in the growth chamber for 40 days. Total bacterial populations, P solubilization, soil pH, root morphology, and agronomic parameters were recorded after 40 days of growth. 2.1. Seed Surface Sterilization, Inoculation, and Growth of Rice Seedlings. The surface-sterilized seven days old seedlings were transplanted into pots containing sterilized soil (500 g)with 4 uniform seedlings per pot. Plants were grown for 40days in a growth chamber with a 12 h light/dark cycle at 29±1⁰C temperature. Approximately 5×109mL⁻¹ of live washed bacterial cells of bacillus sp. (PSB16) were used as inoculum in each bacterial treatment. 2.2. Determination of Bacterial Population, Plant Biomass, and Plant Tissue P. The total bacterial population was determined from the rhizosphere, non-rhizosphere, and endosphere of aerobic rice plants. After harvest, soil available P was determined using Bray 2 and total plant tissue P was analyzed by the wet digestion method 2.3. DeterminationofRootDevelopment.The root length (cm), total surface (cm2), and root volume (cm3) were quantified using a scanner (Expression 1680, Epson) equipped with a 2 cm depth plexiglass tank (20×30 cm) filled with UP H2O .2.4. Data Analysis. The experiment was conducted with the three factors in four replicates in a completely randomized design. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using the SAS software program (Version 9.2), and treatment means were compared using Tukey’s test (<0.05).

Source of Information: The Scientific World Journal Volume 2013, Article ID 272409,10pages

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/272409

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The application of organic acids and PSB16 showed differences in P solubilization from PR. Among both acids, oxalic acid showed better results when compared to malic acid. The PSB16 population and soil pH were not affected by the application of organic acids. Application of oxalic acid at 20m Malong with PSB16 significantly increased soluble release from PR. In conclusion, the addition of organic acids with PSB increased the solubility of PR and had a significant effect on the growth of aerobic rice. However, the higher concentration of oxalic acid application may present a health risk, especially for children.

Knowledge Management: Journal