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Organic Fertilizer’s Proportion in Soil: Evaluating Growth and Yield of Potato

Mitul Kumar Kundu
Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Shafiqul Islam
Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Nusrat Jahan Methela
Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Abul Khayer
Department of Sustainable International Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Georg-AugustUniversität Göttingen, Büsgenweg-5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.

Md. Shajid Hasan
Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Mst. Nahid Sultana
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Md. Istiak Hossain Joy
Department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The productivity of organic farming has mainly focused on its relative crop yields than the proportions of organic matters in soil. However, organically cultivation changes crop yields at the same time it depends on types of crops grown. Here, we provide a pot experiment on the rooftop in Latin Square Designs (LSD) with a Diamant variety of potato and four treatment combinations to evaluate variety’s growth and yields. T₀: Control, T₁: 100% organic fertilizer, T₂: 75% organic fertilizer+25% soil and T₃: 50% organic fertilizer+50% soil was used for the present study with three replications. Our analysis showed the tallest (23.78 cm) plant was in T₂ followed by T₁ and T₃ (23.37 cm and 23.14 cm, respectively). T₂produced the maximal (76.44) number of leaves per stem followed by T₂ and T₃ (73.44 and 74.11, respectively). T₁ generating the maximal number (6.89) of tubers per hill was significant than all the other treatments. The highest weight (19.13 gm) per tuber per hill was examined in T₂ followed by T₁ and T₃ (17.05 gm and 12.91 gm, respectively). T₂ produced the utmost tuber length (3.78 cm) followed by T₁ and T₃ (3.39 cm and 3.23 cm, respectively. 75% organic fertilizer+25% soil has concluded the potential to be grown successfully and the most suited treatment for production of potato (Diamant) in coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Potato, Coastal area, Tuber weight, Tuber length.

Location: Department of Agriculture of Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2019

End Date: 00-02-2020

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Organic fertilizer, Potato

Objectives:

To increase potato Production in saline areas in coastal region

Methodology:

Experimental site and design- The research work was conducted on the rooftop of Academic Building-2, the experimental site of Department of Agriculture of Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh in Rabi season during 6^th November 2019 to 4^th February 2020. Location of the site is 24°75' N latitude and 90°5' E longitude which falls under the AEZ 18 i.e. Young Meghna Estuarine Flood plain. The growth and yield of potato (Diamant, a variety of potato of Bangladesh) was compared under organic fertilizer (Treatment) and non-fertilizers (control) conditions. The experiment was designed in a Latin Square Designs (LSD) with four treatments. Treatments viz. T₀: Control, T₁: 100% organic fertilizer, T₂: 75% organic fertilizer+25% soil, T₃: 50% organic fertilizer+50% soil and three replications. Four pots were prepared for sowing tubes. There were nine plants in every pot which were divided in three blocks, representing 3 replications, and the distance between plants to plant was 14 cm and row to row 13 cm. In three pots, organic fertilizers (Super Green Field, authorized by Bangladesh Government) were applied during final soil preparation except control (T₀). Seed sowing was done on 6^th November, 2019. In this experiment water hyacinth was used as mulching materials to conserve soil moisture in all pots. Soil characteristics- The soil of the experimental pots was sandy loam in texture, medium high land and it is moderately alkaline with pH value 7.6 - 8.7 and salinity 8.67 dS/m. Generally, fertility is medium but low in organic matter (1.45 %). Particle size constitution of the soil of that site is Sand: Silt: Clay =52%: 30%: 18%. The soil type is sandy loam with available N of 0.08 g kg⁻¹ soil, P of 26.79 µg/g soil, K of 0.18 meq /100 g soil, Mg of 3.75 meq /100g soil, S of 10.43 μg/g soil, B of 0.12 μg/g soil, Cu of 3.45 μg/g soil, Fe of 256.6 μg/g soil, Mn of 162 μg/g soil and Zn of 0.53 μg/g soil. Physical and Chemical characteristics of soil of experimental pots were analysed by Soil Resource and Development Institute (SRDI), Noakhali, Bangladesh. Climate- The experimental area was under the subtropical climate. Monthly average air temperature was 18.45 °C, monthly average relative humidity was 64.13 %, monthly average rainfall was 25 mm and monthly average sunshine was 201.28 hours during November 2019 to February 2020. Harvesting- The maturity of the plant was indicated by the plants showing 80 to 90% of leaf senescence and the top started drying. Haulm cutting (Specific technique of stem cutting for potato production in Bangladesh for tuber growth) was done before 5 days of harvesting. The yield of tuber was taken pot wise and measured as gm per tuber. Care was taken to avoid injury in potatoes during harvesting. Data collection and analysis- Data were recorded on Number of leaves per stem, Plant height (cm), Number of tubers per hill, Weight per tuber per hill (gm), Tuber length (cm). Data were analyzed statistically using the Microsoft Excel data sheet. The significance of differences among pairs of treatment means were analyzed statistically using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% level of probability (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Crop, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition; 2020; 04(01), 125-133

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/ajcsp.040120.16

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

We provide the information about the Diamant variety of potato cultivation under different organic fertilizer conditions in Bangladesh. Remarkable, we found T₂ was the most successful treatment in every parameter. The data indicate that T₂ is better for production of potatoes in the coastal area of Bangladesh. It produced the highest number of leaves per stem (76.44), highest plant height (23.78 cm), utmost tuber length (3.78 cm) and highest tuber weight (19.13 gm). On the other hand, T₃ and control (T₀) exhibited low weight of tuber per hill and low yield, compared to the other treatments. It is thus recommended that farmers in the coastal area of Bangladesh grow potatoes (Diamant) with 75% organic fertilizer+25% soil because of its greatest tuber weight, high yield and resistance to salinity. 100% organic fertilizer is the second best treatment for potato production in saline prone area. Further study should be continued for better production in the coastal area of Bangladesh.

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