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Prevalence and Severity of Different Citrus Diseases in Sylhet Region

Tareq Ahmed
Dept. of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

Abdul Muqit
Dept. of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

Juel Datta
Dept. of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

Mozammel Hoque
Dept. of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

Md. Kamrul Haque
Dept. of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Citrus is the World's premiere fruit crop infected by a large number of diseases and caused huge economic losses. A study was conducted from November to December 2014 at several citrus orchards of Sylhet, Bangladesh to find out the prevalence and intensity of diseases affecting different citrus species. In this study, 560 plants from seventeen citrus species were critically observed to collect data on the infection of diseases. Different citrus diseases were found among the studied population where greening, die-back, scab and canker of citrus were mostly prevailing diseases in this region. A significant variation in the disease incidence and severity was found among different species. Rough lemon demonstrated the highest susceptibility (95%) to citrus greening. But, die-back in combination with scab of citrus exhibited the maximum greening incidence in BARI satkara-1 (55%), followed by Mandarin (46.66%). The incidence of die-back was the highest in BARI kamala-1 followed by lime (93.3%). The scab of citrus showed the maximum incidence in BARI satkara-1 (50%). Alachi lemon was found highly infected by canker of citrus showing 65% and 36% of incidence and severity respectively. Among all the studied citrus species, the overall disease incidence was found to be the lowest in China lemon. The study is a valued addition to the literature of citrus research and contributed significantly to the management of citrus disease.

Keywords: Citrus, Prevalence, Severity, Disease, Incidence

Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2014

End Date: 00-12-2014

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To reveal the per-cent of disease incidence and disease index of Citrus (Citrus spp.) in citrus orchards of Sylhet region.

Methodology:

The study was conduct at different citrus orchards of Sylhet, Bangladesh from November to December 2014. These are Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) and some other farmer fields near RARS. All the gardens are located in 24°24'N and 91°37'E with the same soil taxonomy and the physiographic unit that is Haplaquepts and Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plain respectively, but different in their soil series. RARS is situated in the soil series of Gowainghat while the other farmer’s fields are in the soil series of Balagonj. The soil was sandy to clay loam in its texture and moderate to highly acidic in its reaction with a considerable fertility level (Huq and Shoaib, 2013). The region was subtropical with hot, humid summer and relatively cool winter. It is generally marked with a monsoon climatic zone with the highest temperature (32°C) in August – October, and the lowest temperature (7°C) in January. Above 80% of the annual rainfall (3372 mm) occurring in May to August favored the easier and faster spread of the pathogens and initiation of diseases. The entire garden was divided into blocks according to their species and sampling was done accordingly. From each block, fifteen to twenty plants of five sample areas were observed for disease infestation. Seventeen species of citrus viz. BARI satkara-1, Pomelo, BARI kamala-1, BARI malta-1, Sweet orange, Jara lemon, Long jara lemon, Alachi lemon, Rough lemon, Lime, Ashkor lemon, Citrumelo, Cleopatra mandarin, BARI batabilemon-3, BARI lemon-1, Mandarin and China lemon were studied. The data was collected from 560 plants, closely observed through visual inspection to diagnose diseases e.g. citrus greening (Pereira et al., 2011). At that time, trees were in the fruiting stage, which helped to have the data of infected fruits also. Selected trees were inspected by walking around their perimeter and examined the trunks, shoots, leaves, and fruits for the symptoms of diseases. In addition, leaves and fruits falling to the ground with obvious unusual symptoms were observed. A primary data collection sheet was used to record all this information. Finally, these recorded data were analyzed and interpreted to find out variations concerning incidence and severity. Some of the disease symptoms found in different orchards.

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 2020; 23(02), 1957-1968.

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.230220.240

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Survey on diseases of citrus species manifested seven diseases on different citrus species at the Sylhet region. The diseases were greening, die-back, scab, canker, gummosis, sooty mold and leaf spot. Among these diseases, citrus greening revealed to be the most prevalent one. Most of the species were seriously infected with considerable greening symptoms. Also, the diseases die-back, canker and scab of citrus were at an increasing trend in their infection. Hence, it is a matter of great concern to control the infection of citrus diseases, most notably citrus greening with proper steps to check the yield loss of citrus. However, BARI satkara-1 and BARI kamala-1 were the most susceptible species and China lemon was mostly tolerant of various citrus diseases producing least visible symptoms.

Knowledge Management: Journal