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Management Strategy, Uptake and Translocation of Nitrogen in Tidal Flooded Rice Ecosystem

Md. Abdullah Al Mamun
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Moynul Haque
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Abu Saleque
Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Qazi Abdul Khaliq
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. J. M. Sirajul Karim
Management strategy, uptake and translocation of nitrogen intidal flooded rice ecosystemMd. Abdullah Al Mamuna, M. Moynul Haquea, M. Abu Salequeb, Qazi Abdul Khaliqa,A. J. M. Sirajul Karimc, Md. Arifur Rahman Khana, Amina Khatund, and M. Abdul KarimaaDepartment of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur,Bangladesh;bSoil Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh;cDepartment ofSoil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agric

Md. Arifur Rahman Khan
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Amina Khatun
Rice Farming System Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. Abdul Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Enhancing rice yield is a great challenge for rice growers in the tide flooded ecosystem, where poor agronomic management is one of the major constrains. Improve management practice (IMP) was compared with traditional farmers' practice (TFP) in evaluating rice productivity, nutrient uptake, translocation and farm income in tidal flooded ecosystems. Results revealed that, IMP significantly produced a higher number of panicles m², more grain panicle^-¹ and better grain filling. The rice cultivars produced 2.0 to 2.5 t grain ha^-¹ with TFP, while 3.0 to 4.0 t ha^-¹ with IMP. In different rice cultivars, the grain yield in IMP increased 12 to 60% over TFP. Similarly, the grains in IMP treatment absorbed 21.41 to 57.03 kg N ha1whereas only 15.85 to 46.94 kg N ha^-¹ in TFP plot. However, higher nitrogen (N) transfer from shoot to the grain in IMP also suggests that the amount of N in soil was too low to meet the plant demand in TFP. Although the IMP involved additional cost, it gave a significantly higher gross return (438 to 954US$ha^-¹) and margin (397 to 913US$ha^-¹) which added farm income up to 225 US$ha^-¹over TFP. Hence, it could be concluded that IMP is a potential option for increasing grain yield and farm income during aman season in the tidal flooded ecosystem.

Keywords: Efficient rice cultivars; Prilled urea; Unfavorable ecosystem; Urea supergranule; Yield

Location: Gournadi, Agailjhara and Bakerganj upazilas of Barisal district; and Nalchity upazila under Jhalokati district.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

The present studies have been undertaken to study the effect of UDP (indicated as improved management practice [IMP]) on grain yield, N uptake and translocation and farm income in the tidal submergence ecosystem of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experimental fields were located at Gournadi, Agailjhara and Bakerganj Upazilas of Barisal district; and Nalchity Upazila under Jhalokati district. The selected fields were inundated by tidal waters every day from the month of July to November. Two plots of 400 m2selected from each farmer's field. Soil samples were collected during final land preparation from 0 to 15 cm depth of each plot and chemical properties were determined. The first experiment in 2013 was executed at Gournadi including Rajashail, Kutiagni and Mota. However, the second experiment was conducted at Bakerganj with Sadamota, Lalmota, Moulata, Dudkalam, Dishari and Nakhuchimota. The rice cultivars such as Moulata, Nakhuchimota, Sadamota, Dishari Koiya, Lalmota, Dudkalam and Achin were used in third experiment at Nalchity. Similarly, Rajashail, Sadapajam, Kutiagni, Lalpayka, Dudmona and Mota were used as planting materials at Gournadiin 2014 for the first field trial. In the second trial at Agailjhara, rice cultivars like Sadamota, Jalkucha, Kutiagni, Lalpayka, Dudkalam and Mota while Sadamota, Lalchikon, Achin, Nakhuchimota and Dishari were included in the third at Nalchity. About 30-day-old seedlings were transplanted from last week of July to September each year. About 5–7 seedlings per hill were transplanted maintaining 40 cm40 cm plant spacing. Two management practices viz. (i) UDP at 40 to 45 days after transplanting (DAT) that described as IMP and (ii) no urea application indicated traditional farmers’ practice (TFP) were established in each site in each year. A randomized complete block design was followed for each experiment. The number replications were 6, 4 and 3 at Gournadi, Bakergonj and Nalchity, respectively in 2013; 4 at each site in 2014. The UDP was done as urea super granule (USG) at maximum tillering stage (40 to 45 DAT) of rice in the IMP plots. A 1.8 g sized USG ball was deep placed by hand at 4–6 cm soil depth between alternate four hills of rice. The amount of N was 30 kg ha1and the time required for UDP was recorded during application. The UDP was done only one time, which is enough for the rice to meet the N requirement (BRRI2012). Usually, USG is placed in the rice field at 8–10 days after transplanting resulting in vigorous vegetative growth (Subasinghe et al.2008). But, more vegetative growth due to early application of USG will enhance lodging and landraces rice cultivars are lodging susceptible to high input (Amin and Hamid2004; Hossan et al.2008). Under these circumstances, UDP through USG was done at 40 to 45 DAT to escape excess vegetative growth. As the experimental sites flooded daily, USG was applied after the recession of tidal water. No fertilizer was applied to TFP plots. One hand weeding was done at 20 DAT to remove some aquatic weeds. The height of tidal water that entered into the crop field measured every day. During harvesting, the panicle density, the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight were determined. Rice grain and straw yield of IMP and TFP plots were determined by harvesting 5 m2areas of the middle of each plot. The grains were sun-dried and winnowed before weighing and converted into t ha1at 14% moisture content. Grain and straw N concentration was determined from the collected grain and straw samples. Grain N uptake GNU, kg ha^-¹Grain yield kg ha1grain N concentration straw N uptake SNU, kg ha^-1Straw yield kg ha^-¹ straw N concentration.

Source of Information: JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1766065

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Increasing grain yield in an unfavorable environment especially in tidal areas is a great challenge for rice growers. Still, there is no HYV of rice for the tidal ecosystem and thus the existing rice cultivars are popularly grown by the farmers. Here, two management practices including IMP and TFP were compared in cultivating lice cultivars like Rajashail, Kutiagni, Sadamota, Lalmota, Dishari, Nakhuchimota, Achin, etc. These cultivars are responsive and have the potentiality to give a higher yield with IMP. In TFP, the rice cultivars produced grain yield as low as 2.0 to 2.5 t ha1which increased to 3.0 to 4.0 t ha1in IMP. The yield advantage provided by IMP due to the production of a higher number of panicles m2, more grains panicle1, better grain filling and a greater amount of N absorption by grain compared to TFP. Although, the IMP involved some extra cost for N purchase and application, but the grain yield in IMP increased 15% to 60% over TFP. Thus, IMP enhanced gross margin up to 913 US$ha1and added a net profit of 225 US$ha1.Therefore, UDP is an effective way to increase rice grain yield and farm income in the tidal flooded ecosystem.

Knowledge Management: Journal