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Evaluation of Rice (oryza Satival.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at Germination and Early Seedling Stage

M. M. Islam*
Departments of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

E. Kayesh
Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

E. Zaman
Departments of Agronomy1, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

T. A. Urmi
Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

M.M. Haque
Departments of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drought stress is a major constraint to the production and yield stability of crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a drought-sensitive crop species. Within this species, there are considerable varietal differences in sensitivity to this environmental stress. An experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Bangladesh from April to September 2016 to evaluate 100 rice genotypes for drought tolerance during germination and early seedling growth stage. The genotypes were tested against five levels of drought stress imposed by Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000)@ 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with four replications. The results showed that with increasing water stress, germination in all the genotypes decreased from 95.8% in control to 6.6 % in the highest stress (20% PEG) level. Seedling height and dry weight also decreased in all rice genotypes with the increase in water stress level. Based on Standard Evaluation System (SES),18genotypes were selected primarily. Among the 18 genotypes, Ratoiland Chinisakkar showed a higher germination index, relative seedling height and relative seedling dry weight than the check drought-tolerant BRRI dhan43 at 20% PEG. Besides these, the performance of Kumridhan, Pusur and Somondori was also well at this level compared to BRRI dhan43. The genotypes Ratoil, Chinisakkar, Kumridhan, Pusurand Somondorishowedthe best performance under drought conditions.

Keywords: Drought stress, Seed germination, Seedling growth, Rice genotypes, Tolerance.

Location: Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Bangladesh from April to September 2016

Start Date: 00-04-2016

End Date: 00-09-2016

Program Area: Variety and Species

Non-commodity: Drought

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to analyze genotypic variations in drought tolerance of rice at germination and early seedling stage.

Methodology:

A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh from April to September, 2016. One hundred rice (Oryza sativaL.) genotypes along with check variety BRRI dhan43 were used in this experiment. Seeds of different genotypes were collected from a drought-prone area of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), and also from the Genetic Resources Unit of BSMRAU. Seeds of each genotype were surface sterilized with 70% ethanol solution for 5 minutes. The seeds were then washed three times with sterilized distilled water. Germination assays were performed by evenly distributing the seeds in a 10-cm-diameter sterilized Petri dish with two layers of Whatman No. 1 filter paper. Each dish was moistened with 10 ml distilled water or uniform amounts of desired osmotic solutions to mimic drought stress. During the screening, water-deficit stress is artificially induced by desired strengths of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000; Sigma Chemicals). Polyethylene glycol has been used to simulate water stress effects in plants (Swapna and Shylaraj, 2017). The experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) with five levels of drought stress and four replications. Distilled water was used as a control(0 MPa)and osmotic potentials-0.3, -0.6, -0.9and –1.2MPa were created by adding PEG-6000 @ 5, 10, 15 and 20 g per 100 ml distilled water. Four replicates of 50 seeds of each osmotic potential were used to assess the germination percentage. This experiment was carried out in a growth chamber at 25±0.5°C and 80%±1 of relative humidity. The number of germinated seeds was recorded at 24 hours intervals. The seedling height and seedling dry weights were measured on the 14^th day. Seeds were considered germinated when both plumule and radicle extended to more than 2 mm from the seeds. The Standard Evaluation System (SES) for rice (IRRI, 1980) was used for screening of drought-tolerant rice genotypes. Visual scores for stress symptoms on a scale of 0 to 9, where a lower score denotes tolerance and a higher score denotes susceptibility. 2.1. Germination IndexThe germination index was calculated after final germination using the following equation: GI = Germination percentage in each treatment/Germination percentage in the control x 100. 2.2. Seedling height and dry weight Ten seedlings were chosen randomly and seedling height was measured. The lengths of seedlings were measured with a ruler. Dry weight was determined after drying the seedlings at 70°C for 48 h. Data on germination and seedling characteristics for each treatment were compared with control for determining the drought-tolerant rice genotypes. 2.3. Relative seedling height: The relative seedling height (RSH) was calculated using the following equation: RSH(%) = Plant height under drought condition/Plant height under control condition x 100. 2.4. Relative dry weight: The relative dry weight (RDW) was calculated using the following equation RDW (%) = Total dry weight under drought condition/Total dry weight under control condition x100. 2.5.Statistical analysis: The collected data were analyzed to assess their statistical significance. Statistix 10 program were used to perform statistical analysis. Means were separated by the least significant difference (LSD).

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 16(1): 44-54(2018) ISSN 2304-7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, rice genotypes were very sensitive to drought stress. From the results of the present investigation it can also be concluded that with increasing levels of water stress, seed germination and early seedling growth were adversely affected in all rice genotypes. However, for all the physiological parameters like germination percentage, seedling height, dry weight of seedling varietal differences were recorded and the difference was maximum towards higher stress levels. In response to water stress Ratoil, Chinisakkar, Pusur and Kumridhan showed better performance in terms of germination, relative seedling height and relative dry weight as compared to others.

Knowledge Management: Journal