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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Inoculum Production in Rice Plants

Tanzima Yeasmin*
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.Rajshahi-6205. Bangladesh.

Parmita Zaman
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.Rajshahi-6205. Bangladesh.

Ataur Rahman
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.Rajshahi-6205. Bangladesh.

Nurul Absar
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.Rajshahi-6205. Bangladesh.

Nurus Saba Khanum
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi.Rajshahi-6205. Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Mangifera indica showed the highest percentage (100%) of mycorrhizal colonization in Rajshahi University Campus, Bangladesh that was used as a stock plant in a pot culture experiment. These root pieces have the ability to serve as a source of mycorrhizal inoculum for crop plants. After using mycorrhizal inoculum, the soil nutrients, as well as root colonization for rice plants, were greatly affected. Soil nutrients were increased (nitrogen-0.03 times and phosphorus 8 times compared to sterile soil), whereas the percentage of rice roots colonization of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) was also increased 9 times after mycorrhizal inoculation. Mycorrhizal enrichment greatly improved the soil nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus as well as the growth of rice plants.

Keywords: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Rice, Soil phosphorus, Nitrogen.

Location: Rajshahi University Campus, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fungal Disease, Rice

Objectives:

To get the maximum agricultural benefit, inoculation of the soil with the suitable type of AM fungi is necessary. Hence, the only way to culture and maintain arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus production, the use of AM inoculum that is produced by additional application of these fungi should become commercially feasible.

Methodology:

Endomycorrhizal inoculum was produced by the most common method. The first step was to identify a stock plant that had abundant colonization of AM fungus. The roots of the sampled plants were dug very carefully to get most of the finer roots. Root samples were cleaned, cut into 1 cm segments (Hayman, 1974) and stained according to the method described by Phillips and Hayman (1970). The root segments were then observed under a microscope. The infected and uninfected root segments were collected and the percent of infection was calculated. After confirming mycorrhizal association in the Mangifera India stock plant roots, 100 g rhizospore containing soils were studied. The soil was collected from the natural land at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface level locations during the dry season. The experimental soils were prepared by mixing two parts of soil with one part of sand. The sand was pretreated with acid and washed with distilled water subsequently. About 4 kg capacity pots were used and 3 kg soil-sand samples were taken in each pot. Soil samples were taken and mixed with a small amount of mycorrhizal soil to sterilized pots. The pots were seeded with plants, which would highly infect for the desired mycorrhiza. The pots were then left without water and thoroughly dry. At this point, the soil in the pots could be used for inoculum production. The soil contained a mixture of mycorrhizal spores, fungal hyphae and root pieces, which were colonized by mycorrhizae (Noyd, 1995). Five pots of soil were used for the culture of rice plants. BRRI-29 variety of rice, collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Rajshahi was used as test crop. Five sets of experiments were conducted: 1st pot contained sterilized soil without any kind of fertilizer as control while 2nd pot contained only chemical fertilizer. The soil was fertilized with nitrogen, potassium, phosphate, zinc and calcium at the rate of 220, 85, 120, 10 and 70 kg/ha, and the source being urea, murate of potash, triple superphosphate, zinc sulfate and gypsum respectively. The 3rd pot was fertilized with 220 kg/ha urea and the 4th pot was mixed with stock plant (M. indica) mycorrhizalinoculum. In the last pot, phosphate was used as triple superphosphate, 120 kg/ha as well as mycorrhizal fungi inoculum. For mycorrhizal plants (grown in non–sterile soils), mycorrhizal dependency values were calculated according to the method devised by Plen-chette et al. (1983). It has been designated as a relative field mycorrhizal dependency (RFMD) index and was determined by expressing the difference between dry weights of mycorrhizal with that of non-mycoorrhizal plants. The results have been expressed as a percentage of the dry weight of mycorrhizal plants.

Source of Information: African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 2 (9), pp. 463-467, September 2007 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR ISSN 1991- 637X

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded from the present data that the indigenous AM mycorrhizal spores and mycelia present in Rajshahi University campus soils are capable of infecting rice roots. AM infection improves the soil nutrient, which is necessary for rice plant growth is widely distributed in Bangladesh and the present results also suggested that the rice plant may be considered as an initial stock plant which may be used for inoculum production in Bangladesh climatic condition. Further many areas of Bangladesh are highly Arsenic contaminated. The use of AM inoculum in crop production might be useful for the peoples as mycorrhizal colonization has increased the plant resistances against Arsenic toxicity (Liu et al., 2005). In the future, the most modern and advanced technology should be considered for large-scale inoculum production of AM fungus under field conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal