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Effects of Varieties and Boron on Growth and Yield of Summer Tomato

Mst. Sanjida
Dept. of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

Jewel Howlader
Dept. of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

Md. Roman Akon
Dept. of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

Taukir Ahmed
Dept. of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of varieties and boron (B) levels on growth and yield of summer tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at the Germplasm Centre in the Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali during the period from May, 2018 to September, 2018. Fifteen treatments were comprising (i) three summer tomato varieties (BARI hybrid tomato 4, 8 and 10) and (ii) five levels of boron as boric acid (0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 kg B ha^-1) in all combinations. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used in the earthen pot (0.79 ft³) experimentation. The effects of varieties and boron levels showed significant variations (p <0.05) on growth and yield of summer tomato at different days after transplanting. Among the varieties at final count plant^-1, delayed flowering (32.6 days), the highest plant height (93.8 cm), number of leaves (99.93), no. of branches (26.27), no. of flower clusters (18.53), no. of flowers (82.73), no. of fruits (51.87), longest fruit length (41.87 mm) and maximum fruit width (48.0 mm), weight of individual fruit (55.71 g) and total weight of fruits (2892.88 g) were observed in BARI hybrid tomato 8. In contrast, the lowest plant height (87.3 cm), no. of leaves (86.47), no. of branches (24.06), no. of flower clusters (15.87), no. of flowers (66.07), no. of fruits (37.33), weight of individual fruit (43.60 g) and total weight of fruits (1630.57 g) were found in BARI hybrid tomato 4; and early flowering (31.93 days), shortest fruit length (33.07 mm) and maximum fruit width (34.60 mm) were noticed in BARI hybrid tomato 10. Among the boron levels at final count plant^-1, early flowering (29.67 days), the maximum no. of flower clusters (18.44), no. of flowers (89.11), no. of fruits (46.22) and total weight of fruits (2364.29 g) were recorded in 2 kg B ha^-1 treatment; the maximum plant height (96.50 cm), no. of leaves (102.89), no. of branches (28.11), longest fruit length (42.89 mm) and maximum fruit width (46.78 mm) and weight of individual fruit (51.74 g) were obtained in 3 kg B ha^-1 treatment. Conversely, delayed flowering (34.67 days), minimum plant height (83.50 cm), no. of leaves (87.56), no. of branches (21.78), no. of flower clusters (15.89), no. of flowers (63.56), no. of fruits (40.33), shortest fruit length (31.78 mm) and minimum fruit width (34.67 mm), weight of individual fruit (47.47 g) and total weight of fruits (1936.00 g) were recorded in control (0 kg B ha^-1) treatment. Our results suggest that the inclusion of B (2–3 kg ha^-1) with the current fertilization practice will enhance the growth and yield of summer tomato grown at AEZ (agro-ecological zone) 13 while BARI hybrid tomato 8 could be recommended as one of the promising varieties.

Keywords: Summer tomato, Variety, Boron, Yield parameters

Location: Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali

Start Date: 00-03-2018

End Date: 00-09-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Tomato

Objectives:

To assess the response of varieties and boron on growth and yield of summer tomato.

Methodology:

The experiment was performed at Germplasm Centre in the Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali during the period from May 2018 to September 2018. The physical and chemical properties of air-dried initial soil samples (0–15 cm depth) obtained from the experimental field under AEZ (agro-ecological zone) 13 (Ganges Tidal Floodplain) were analyzed following standard procedure at Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI) in Barisal (Quddus et al., 2014). Fifteen treatment combinations were comprising three summer tomato varieties viz., BARI hybrid tomato 4, 8 and 10; and five different levels of boron (B) viz., 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 kg B ha^-1. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used to arrange the two- factorial experiment. A blanket dose of 150 kg ha^-1 urea, 100 kg ha^-1 MoP, 60 kg ha^-1 TSP, 120 kg ha^-1 gypsum, and 25 ton ha^-1 cowdung were incorporated with soil in the potting mixture. During pot mixture preparation the whole amount of cowdung, TSP, gypsum along half of the MoP were incorporate into the soil. Application of the remaining half of MoP and entire urea was done at two equal splits, first at 15 days after planting and second at the flowering stage followed by light irrigation. Boron as boric acid (H₃BO₃) was applied as spray methods to the soil during pot mixture preparation. Summer tomato seeds which are high yielding, thermotolerant and indeterminate type varieties were collected from the Vegetable Research Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur. Transplanting of about one month old seedling was done in earthen pot (0.79 feet³) under poly-shed house conditions. Intercultural operations and plant protection measures were done to keep the plant healthy. Red colouring of fruits was the indicator of crop maturity. Fruits were harvested from 55 to 70 days after transplanting (DAT). Average crop performance data on plant height (cm), number of leaves plant^-1, number of branches plant^-1, days to first flowering, number of flower clusters plant^-1, number of flower plant^-1, number of fruit plant^-1, fruit length (mm), fruit diameter (mm), individual fruit weight (gm) and total fruit weight plant-1 (gm) were recorded. Collected data of different parameters were statistically analyzed using Minitab 17 statistical software program (Minitab Inc, State College, PS, USA) to determine the significance of variation resulting from the experimental treatments. General linear model (GLS) was used for analyses of variances (ANOVA) of different parameters and the means were separated with Tukey at 5% level of probability (p <0.05).

Source of Information: Asian Journal of Crop, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2020; 04(01), 141-149.

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/ajcsp.040120.18

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, significant variations (p <0.05) were observed among varieties and boron levels on growth and yield of summer tomato. In varieties, except delayed flowering, BARI hybrid tomato 8 showed the best performances on plant height, number of leaves, no. of branches, no. of flower clusters, no. of flowers, no. of fruits, fruit length, fruit width, weight of individual fruit and total weight of fruits, while the least performances of those parameters were observed in BARI hybrid tomato 4 variety except the shortest fruit length and minimum fruit width, and early flowering that were noticed in BARI hybrid tomato 10. In boron levels, application of 2 kg B ha^-1 gave the best effects in terms of early flowering, no. of flower clusters, no. of flowers, no. of fruits and total weight of fruits, whereas, application of 3 kg B ha^-1 gave the best effects on plant height, no. of leaves, no. of branches, fruit length, fruit width and weight of individual fruit. However, the lowest effects of those parameters were recorded in control (0 kg B ha^-1) treatment. By combing all these results together, it can be concluded that the application of B at a low rate (2–3 kg ha^-1) might increase the growth and yield of summer tomato while grown in the Ganges Tidal Floodplain soil. Moreover, BARI hybrid tomato 8 can be considered as one of the promising varieties for this region.

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