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Assessment of Fish Pond Sediments for Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Indian Spinach (basella Alba L.)

M. Ashraful Islam
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Nusrat Jahan
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Q.F. Quadir
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

S.M. Haque
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Integrated farming system is a very effective tool for improving rural economy. Our present study was carried out in different pond dykes of Dumuria upazila of Khulna district, Bangladesh to investigate the effect of different fish pond sediments on growth, yield and subsequently analyze the nutritional quality of Indian spinach. The experiment consisted of two factors viz., pond types (P) (three different ponds growing different fish species: P₁ = prawn and carp, P₂ = prawn and mola, and P₃=prawn, mola and carp) and each pond was cultivated with different fish species with different population densities); and pond sediments (M) (three levels: M₁ = pond dyke soil, M₂ =50% pond mud and 50% pond dyke soil, and M₃ =100% pond mud). Physical and chemical properties of three ponds dyke soil as well as sediments were analyzed. Parameters studied on Indian spinach were growth, yield and nutritional qualities. Pond sediments were better quality due to well decomposition and microbial activity of sediments compared to dyke soil of ponds. Organic matter of pond sediment was 2.79 (P₃) and EC was 790 (µc/cm). Plant height was varied from 10 to 19% due to the ponds type and sediment effects. Mostly, the plant growth was found better under the supplement of 100% pond sediments compared to dyke soil (M₁) and mixed soil (M₂). The highest yield was found in P₃M₃ and it was varied from 20 to 25%. Minerals like Ca (%), P (%), and S (mg/100g) were found statistically significantly higher in P₂M₃ compared to other treatments combinations. Nutrition like Vit A and Vit C were the highest (81.33 µg/100 g and 106.14 mg/100 g, respectively) found significantly higher in P₂M₃. Therefore, the pond mud (50% and 100%) can be used to increase the yield and nutrient uptake by the crop which can facilitate to reduce eutrophication and fertilizer for the better environment.

Keywords: Fertilizers, Growth, Indian spinach, Nutritional quality, Pond,

Location: Dumuria upazila of Khulna district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2015

End Date: 00-05-2015

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Indian spinach

Objectives:

To investigate the performance of pond sediments from different fish cultures on the growth, yield and nutritional quality of Indian spinach.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during the period from January to May, 2015 to examine the growth, yield and afterwards analyzed the nutritional quality of Indian spinach as influenced by different fish pond sediments. All the experimental units were selected in the areas where freshwater prawn culture is practicing for several years. The experiment was conducted at the different ponds dyke at Dumuria upazila under Khulna district, Southwest part of Bangladesh to observe proper utilization of sediments of pond on the growth, yield and nutritional quality of Indian Spinach. Two factors experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications and total experimental plots were 27. Factor A was types of pond where number of fishes and species were different in each pond and factor B was the ratio of ponds sediment and dyke soil for the cultivation of Indian Spinach. The size of unit plot was 1.5 m² (1m × 1.5m). Sediments from different ponds and the dyke soil of the respected ponds have been carried to the Soil Science Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for chemical analysis. Selected pond dyke was opened using spade on 25 January 2015 and the soil was mixed with sediments of pond according to the design of the experiment. Indian spinach seeds (green variety) were collected from the seed market and dibbling (3 seeds per pit) was done on 12 February 2015 maintaining the producers recommended spacing (25 cm × 25 cm). Extra seedlings in the same pit were uprooted and used in case of gap filling. Irrigation was given regularly for the germination of seeds as well as for the establishment. Other intercultural operations such as weeding, frequent irrigation, etc. were given at interval according to necessary. Manure or fertilizer was not used in the experiment. Only dyke soil and pond mud/sediments were used to see the effect of dyke soil and mud on vegetable production. Plants were randomly selected and tagged as samples for collection of data from the middle of the rows of each unit plot for avoiding border effect. Plant height (cm) was taken from the base to the tip of plant using a meter scale and numbers of leaves were counted during the first harvest of Indian spinach. First harvest (from 10 cm above of plant was considered as edible part) was done after 45 days of seed planting. Length and breadth of largest leaves were measured using meter scale. Fresh weight (g) of each harvested plant (harvesting for con- sumption after 45 and 60 days after planting) were weighed and calculated per plot (kg) as well as to the unit area. Twig of 10 cm length from selected plants were separated as leaves and stem. Each sample were cut into pieces and was dried in air for 7 days and then kept in an oven at 70^°C for 72 hours before taking the dry weight till it was constant. Twigs (twig consisted of leaves and stem) were used for the nutritional quality analysis. Vitamin C was determined by the indophenols dye extraction method. This procedure was based upon the quantitative discoloration of 2, 6- dicholophenol indophenols by ascorbic acid.

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5(1): 33-39 (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.050105

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Sediments/muds of each pond contain the higher of organic matter and mineral compared to the respected dyke soil. Supply of nutrients to the soil through 100% pond sediments gave the better result on growth and yield of Indian spinach in pond type 3 (P₃) where three type fish species combination were cultivated. On the other hand, higher amount of minerals and vitamins were found in the pond dyke where 100% pond sediments were used. Findings from this experiment indicate that pond sediments application from the pond of different types fish species combination can be useful for increased crop production and nutritional quality of the crop through improved soil quality. On the other hand, these findings can be an exemplary to continue the further work of integrated aquaculture and horticulture to improve the soil health and environment, reduced eutrophication and less chemical fertilizer application for crop production.

Knowledge Management: Journal