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Extreme Climate Events and Fish Production in Bangladesh

Jatish C. Biswas
Soil Science Division, BRRI & Coordinator, CRP-II, KGF, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Maniruzzaman
BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. M. Haque
BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. B. Hossain
BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. M. Rahman
BSMRAU, Gazipur, Bangladesh

U. A. Naher
BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. H. Ali
Krishi Gobeshona Foundaion (KGF), Dhaka, Bangladesh

W. Kabir
Krishi Gobeshona Foundaion (KGF), Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Natural hazards frequently batter Bangladesh and cause damages to the fisheries sector of the country. The main objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of storm/tidal surge, waterlogging, cyclone, flood, drought and erosion on the spatial distribution of damages and economic loss in fisheries of Bangladesh. Data were collected from existing literature followed by scoring and attribute-wise maps were prepared using IDRISI3.2. The highest economic loss (US$ 17.65 million) in the fishery sector was observed in the Southern part and the least in the hilly regions. The damages caused by natural hazards followed the order of storm/tidal surge > waterlogging > cyclone > flood > drought > erosion. About 21% of areas of South and South-east Bangladesh were affected by high to very high storm/tidal surge. Very severe waterlogging problems were observed in 6.96% of areas of the country. Moderate to high damages because of cyclones were found in about 11% of areas in South and South-east Bangladesh. Moderate to high flooding problems were most prevalent in Central and North-east parts of the country covering 15-19 percent of areas. Drought and erosion are less damaging to the fishery sector compared to other studied natural hazards. Although the exposure index to natural hazards is high, the relative index to the national economy because of damages to the fisheries sector is low. Adaptive measures in coastal areas as a long-term strategy would be participatory construction of hard structures and reclamation/conservation of wetlands throughout the country including an improved warning system that could be undertaken for minimizing damages in the fisheries sector of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Storm/Tide, Waterlogging, Cyclone, Flood, Drought, Erosion, Area

Location: Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Climate change

Objectives:

The objectives of the present investigation are to evaluate damage patterns in the fishery sector because of climate change-induced natural hazards, the spatial distribution of damages and to provide some policy guidelines for adaptation

Methodology:

Data were collected from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Center for Geographic Information Services (CEGIS, 2013), Department of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (http://www.barc.gov.bd/), and Bangladesh Delta Plan-2100 (GED, 2017) and from the existing available literature. Data on fish production and the effects of the flood, drought, cyclone, storm/tidal surge, waterlogging and erosion on economic losses during 2009-2014 were collected (BBS, 2015) for delineating vulnerable areas. Data were collected from 64 districts based on a stratified two-stage random sampling technique. A total of 4945 mauzas/mahallas (the smallest administrative unit) were selected out of 21892 and then 143980 households were selected for data collection. A pre-tested questionnaire was used in seven districts followed by necessary modifications for data collection (BBS, 2015). Drought mostly affects all living beings in Bangladesh during the dry season and so we have considered this season for fish vulnerability assessment. We have collected waterlogging data from GED, 2017; BBS, 2017; FAO, 2014; BADC, 2009-2010 and other published literature followed by scoring based on intensities of damages as the duration of waterlogging and area affected. The hotspots of natural hazards and area coverage were determined based on a total score either as district or Upazila (an administrative unit within a district) based. If a district was exposed to different levels of intensity of a natural hazard (say flooding), the average score was made out of the total score. The lowest score indicates the least vulnerable area and then gradually increased. Attribute-wise maps were prepared using IDRISI3.2.

Source of Information: Environment and Natural Resources Research; Vol. 9, No. 1; 2019 ISSN 1927-0488 E-ISSN 1927-0496

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Influences of climate extremes, storm/tidal surge, waterlogging, cyclone, flood, drought and erosion on damages in the fisheries sector of Bangladesh were investigated based on existing literature. Scoring techniques were employed depending on the severity of damages and attribute-wise maps were prepared using IDRISI3.2. The highest economic loss (US$ 17.65 million) in the fishery sector was observed in the Southern part of Bangladesh and the gradual decrease of damages followed was storm/tidal surge > waterlogging > cyclone > flood > drought > erosion. About 21% of areas of South and South-east Bangladesh were affected by high to very high storm/tidal surge and very severe waterlogging problems were observed in 6.96% area of the country. The government has taken some measurements for adaptation against natural hazards that need to be strengthened because the frequencies of climate extremes are increasing in Bangladesh. Best management options need to be sorted out for sustained production in aquaculture along with capacity enhancement of fisheries sectors.

Knowledge Management: Journal