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Fish Assemblage and Structure as Well as Hydrological Parameters at Karatoya Fish Sanctuary, Panchagarh, Bangladesh

Md. Rashidul I
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Md. Jewel M
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Shirin S
National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka-1349, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Spatiotemporal variations in fish assemblage structure were studied from January to December 2015 in order to understand the impacts of the sanctuary on ichthyo-faunal diversity and to determine the indices and major hydrological factors in six sampling stations of Karatoya Fish Sanctuary sectioned in the River Karatoya. A total of 69 fish species were obtained from this sanctuary including 21 threatened species where Aspidoparia jaya, Pethia ticto, Puntius sophore, Canthophrys gongota and Barilius barna were the major contributory species (>4.17%) both in space and time. The uppermost species richness and abundance were viewed in January and lowest in May. Based on analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), fish assemblages were significantly different in all stations (p<0.001, R=0.15) and months (p<0.001, R=0.62). Through two-dimensional non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and cluster analysis based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index, assemblages were alienated into two groups at a value of 42% and 28% partition for station and month, respectively. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) recognized considerable relations between the number of fishes and hydrological parameters where dissolved oxygen (mgL^-1) and water temperature (ºC) were the main leading factors in shaping the fish assemblage structure.

Keywords: Fish assemblage, Spatial and temporal variation, Stream biodiversity

Location: River Karatoya, Bangladesh

Start Date: 01-01-2008

End Date: 00-12-2015

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

The points of this study were to identify spatial and temporal turnover in fish assemblage structure along with major water quality parameters at the Karatoya Fish Sanctuary of this river.

Methodology:

Study area and site selection: An investigation was carried out in Karatoya Fish Sanctuary, a section of the River Karatoya established on 1 January 2008, from January to December 2015. The location of the fish sanctuary is between 26.1303º N 88.7450º E, 26.1311º N 88.7516º E and 26.1119º N 88.7486º E, 26.1127º N 88.7510º E with an area of about 2000 × 600 m2and a water depth of 2.50 to 8.00 m in the monsoon, and an area of 2000× 300 m2and depth of 0.50 to 2.5 m in the dry season. Design and setting up the sanctuary: The study area was mainly divided into three sites i.e. upstream (1 km upward from the sanctuary), inside the fish sanctuary, and downstream (1 km downward from the sanctuary) with two sampling stations at 500 m distance from each other. Bamboo poles, branches of bamboo and tree were collected and placed properly by experienced and skilled laborers in the bottom of the sanctuary to create a habitat, shelter and breeding ground for aquatic organisms. Before the monsoon, sanctuary materials can only be kept inside fish sanctuary from November to April due to less currents and turbulence. At the onset of the monsoon in the early month May, all materials e.g. bamboo poles, ropes and tree branches were collected from the sanctuary in order to pile on the riverbank and set up again within it in early November. Sampling and data collection Experimental data were collected at monthly intervals for hydrological factors and finfish species. Based on the in-situ standard method (APHA, 2012), a digital thermometer, DO meter (Model: DO5509, Lutron), pH meter (Model: RI-02895, HANNA instruments) and Secchi disk were used to determine the water temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen (mgL^-1), water pH and transparency (cm), respectively. Fish samplings were done with the help of traditional fishing gear specifically seine net (15×3.5 m², 4 mm), cast net (4×6.5 m², 8 mm), gill net (12×1 m², 15 mm) and fishing trap locally known as Ucha (2×1.5 m², 3.5 mm) (Bengali name). All these fishing gear were operated at the same sampling spot within a 0.5 km area to ensure maximum harvesting of fishes. At each site, both gill nets and fishing traps were laid down in the late afternoon (8.00 pm) and checked in the morning (6.00 am) where five throws were made for cast net and one haul for seine net per sampling station (8.00 am). Six fishing traps named Ucha made from bamboo were placed at the bottom of each sampling site for fishing. On every sampling day (6.00 am), three persons took the Uchas out of the water one by one and brought them to the river bank. The tree branches from Uchas were removed carefully. Immediately after harvesting, a total of 7,501 fish specimens were caught, sorted and counted on spot anchored in their external morphology. Then, all live individuals were carefully released into the respective areas of the fish sanctuary where they were collected from. Identification of the fishes fish species that seemed difficult to identify in the field was preserved in 7 to 10% buffered formalin solution and conveyed to the laboratory of the Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics under Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) (Bangladesh) to facilitate the identification and further study. The ichthyo-fauna were systematically identified and classified based on their external morphological characters following Talwar and Jhingran (1991), Rahman (2005) and Nelson (2006).

Source of Information: Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences18(1) 140-162, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:10.22092/ijfs.2018.117727

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

However, for the existence of any aquatic inhabitants, they need to have a suitable feeding and breeding ground in order to stay, grow and reproduce without any commotions. During the lean season, both threatened and non-threatened fishes with other aquatic animals can feed, breed and attain sexual maturity in the next spawning season in the Karatoya Fish Sanctuary which will ultimately increase and conserve them. Besides, strong management by the local community and administration through either temporally or permanently natural courses of a fish sanctuary may nourish and preserve the targeted species within this sheltered area. Finally, upcoming well supervised and advanced plans should be geared for this sanctuary in order to enrich and conserve the aquatic biodiversity of Atrai River in the northwestern quarter of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal