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Determination of Formaldehyde in Wet Marketed Fish by Hplc Analysis: a Negligible Concern for Fish and Food Safety in Bangladesh

Shuva Bhowmik
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh

Mohajira Begum
Fish Technology Research Section, Institute of Food Science & Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh

Md. Abul Hossain
Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh

Matiur Rahman
National Food Safety Laboratory, Institute of Public Health, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh

A.K.M. Nowsad Alam
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Formaldehyde (FA) content in nine commonly available marine and freshwater finfish and one shrimp species marketed in Dhaka was assessed by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values of 6.90 and 22.90mgkg1were calculated respectively. The study revealed different levels of formaldehyde in analyzed samples. The Kawranbazaar, the Raiyerbazaar and the Mohakhalibazaar of Dhaka city fish were analyzed; the level of the content of formaldehyde was higher in Raiyerbazaar fish samples and lower in Kawranbazaar fish samples. The range of formaldehyde value in freshwater and marine finfish samples and shrimp samples ranged5.1 ± 0.71–12.26 ± 1.67 mg kg1, 10.8 ± 1.72–39.68 ± 7.87 mg kg1and 13.57 ± 1.93 mg kg1respectively. The FA content was in the range of 5.1 ± 0.71–39.68 ± 7.87 mg kg1eventually found in all marketed fish.

Keywords: Marketed fish, Penaeus monodon, Food safety, Formaldehyde, HPLC

Location: Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

Quantitative concentrations of formaldehyde in selected fish samples from different fish markets were analyzed to know the real fact.

Methodology:

Study area Ten types of fish species were collected from different markets in Dhaka city. The selected markets were Kawranbazaar, Raiyerbazaar and Mohakhalibazaar. Sample size: A number of total ten fish species were selected for this experiment. The evaluated fish species were indicated as loittya (Bom-bay duck; Harpodon nehereus), shrimp (Giant tiger shrimp; Penaeus monodon), rup chanda (Chinese pomfret; Stromateus chi-nensis), pabda (Pabdah catfish; Ompok pabda), hilsa (Hilsa shad; Tenualosa ilisha), mola (Mola carplet; Amblypharyngodon mola), rui (Rohu;Labeo rohita), kachki (Ganges river sprat; Coricasoborna), pangus (Pungas catfish;Pangasius pangasius) and tilapia (Mozambique tilapia; Oreochromis mossambicus). At least ten individuals from each species respectively were used for analysis. Reagent preparation2, 4, DNPH (dinitrophenylhydrazine) DNPH was recrystallized before use. Recrystallization was carried out by dissolving and excising DNPH 10 mL of anhydrous acetonitrile acetate to form a saturated solution. After complete dissolution, the solution was cooled to room temperature, capped in a brown bottle and stored overnight at 40°C for further crystallization. The crystals were collected by vacuum filtration. About150 mg of DNPH crystals were accurately weighed and dissolved in 49.5 mL of acetonitrile and mixed with 0.5 mL of H₃PO₄ (85%). Standard preparation from CRM (certified reference materials)Standard was prepared from CRM first stock solution whose concentration was 4815 mg L1and a second stock solution or a working stock solution of 500 mg L1was prepared by dissolving2.6 mL of CRM standard solution into 25 mL H2O.HPLC analysis for formaldehyde determination The modified protocol to detect formaldehyde in fish by HPLC instrument (Model SPD-M20 A) based on the method described by Claeysa et al. (2009)and validated HPLC method by Wahedet al. (2016)are described below: Sample preparation about 5 g samples were taken; blank and spiked formalin was added into the samples. Then added 5 mL acetonitrile, analytical grade and vortex. The samples got sonicated for 30 min at room temperature (25–30°C), shaken for 30 min in a shaking water bath at room temperature at 150 rpm, centrifuged for 5 min in6000 rpm at 22°C, filtered through a Whatman filter paper(90 mm). The upper layer of the extract of approximately 5 mL was carefully taken. 2.5 mL working DNPH solution and vortex were added well. The samples were derivatized by shaking at150 rpm, at 40°C for 1 h in a shaking water bath and after incubation, the supernatant got filtered by a syringe microfilter (0.45mm). The analytical condition of HPLCA10lL sample solution was analyzed with a Luna C-18 column(2504.6 mm, 5lm) with a 60% methanol solution as a mobile phase and detected at the length d Wave of 355 nm. The flow rate was 1 mL min1and the operating time was 13 min. Standard curve preparation Formaldehyde standard solution was prepared into 0–50 ppm solutions by diluting distilled water. A different amount of formaldehyde solution was added to the acetonitrile and 2, 4DNPH. In the case of matrix-free calibration limit of detection (LOD) were 0.118393 ppm and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was0.394643 ppm. On the other hand, matrix-matched curve LOD was 4.599039 ppm and LOQ was 15.33013 ppm. Qualification and quantification of formaldehyde The sample derivatives were analyzed in HPLC and compared to the standard formaldehyde retention time for qualification. The peak area of the sample solution was substituted in the calibration equation of the standard curve to calculate the formaldehyde concentration. Recovery test to determine recovery, a known concentration of formaldehyde CRM (5 mg L1,10mgL1, and 25 mg L1) was spiked in the fish matrix. The spiking levels were within the calibration range. Samples were extracted following the sample preparation procedure outlined in the material and methods section and recovery was calculated as follows: Recovery (%): Concentration of formaldehyde quantified in thesample100/Spiked concentration. Data analyses: All the data collected were summarized, tabulated, and carefully analyzed using MS Word, Microsoft Office Excel 2007, and XL-stat version 16 for the DMRT to understand the differences between the variables.

Source of Information: The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research Volume 43, Issue 3, September 2017, Pages 245-248

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study revealed the level of formaldehyde in the marketed fish species of different fish markets at the natural level which is below the tolerable levels for humans. It indicates that collected fish samples from fish markets were still found safe for human consumption but special law enforcement and monitoring is needed at the wholesaler, retailer and throughout the supply, chain to prevent the misuse of formaldehyde in fish during production, transport, storage and import. While our findings are novel, further research is needed on other metropolitan cities under a holistic approach.

Knowledge Management: Journal