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Effects of Mulching on Growth and Yield Components of Selected Varieties of Wheat (triticum Aestivuml.) Under Field Condition

S. Akter
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

U.K. Sarker
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

A.K. Hasan
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.R. Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M.M.I. Hoque
ACI Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh

C.K. Mahapatra
Upazila Agriculture Officer
Kendua, Netrakona, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Wheat is facing increased high temperature during its grain filling period in Bangladesh which reduces yield drastically. Mulching may help to mitigate this problem. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2015 to March 2016 to find out growth and yield performance of wheat as influenced by mulching. The experiment comprised of two factors viz., variety and mulching. The variety comprised of BARI Gom-26, BARI Gom-27 and BARI Gom-28. Mulching comprised of four different levels of treatments viz.no mulch + no irrigation (control), water hyacinth mulch + no irrigation, rice straw mulch + no irrigation and two irrigation at CRI and flowering stage. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. BARI Gom-28 showed the highest values in growth parameters (plant height, number of total tillers hill^-1, LAI, chlorophyll content and total dry matter) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. On the other hand, when mulching was compared, rice straw mulch gave higher yield compared to other treatments at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. The interaction effect of variety and mulching showed significant in relation to yield and yield components except plant height, spike length, 1000- grain weight and harvest index (%). The tallest plant (93.20 cm) was obtained from the interaction of BARI Gom-28 and rice straw mulch. The high- est number of total tillers hill^-1 (4.80), number of effective tillers hill^-1 (4.57), spike length (10.23), number of spikelets spike^-1 (21.15), 1000-grain weight (48.54 g), grain yield (5.20 t ha^- ¹), straw yield (7.27 t ha^-1), and harvest index (41.71%) were obtained from the interaction of BARI Gom-28 and rice straw mulch. The lowest grain yield was obtained from BARI Gom-26 and control (no mulch + no irrigation). It may be concluded from the results of the study that, BARI Gom-28 with rice straw mulching treatment can be used for successful cultivation of wheat.

Keywords: Harvest index; Leaf area index; Mulching; Total dry matter; Wheat; Yield components

Location: Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-11-2015

End Date: 00-03-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat, Mulching

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of mulching on the yield of wheat and to find out the interaction effect of variety and mulching on the yield of wheat.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from November 2015 to March 2016. The experimental field was located at 24°75'N latitude and 90°50' E longitude at an elevation of 18m above the sea level belonging to non -calcareous dark grey floodplain soil under Old Brahmaputra Floodplain Agro-ecological zone-“AEZ 9”. The experimental plot was a medium high land with silty clay loam soil having pH 5.80. The experimental site belongs to the subtropical area characterized by heavy rainfall during kharif season (April to September) and scanty in the rabi season (October to March) associated with moderately low temperature and plenty of sunshine. The experimental treatments consisted of two factors viz., variety,V₁- BARIGom-26, V₂-BARI Gom-27, V₃-BARI Gom-28 and mulching, M₁-no mulch + no irrigation (control), M₂- mulching with water hyacinth + no irrigation, M₃-mulching with rice straw + no irrigation, M₄- two irrigation at CRI and flowering stage. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The unit plot size was 4m×2.5 m. Plant to plant and row to row distance were 5 cm and 20 cm, respectively. The experimental field was prepared with power tiller followed by laddering. All the weeds and stubble were removed from the field and made ready for sowing. In case of irrigated plot, the land was uniformly fertilized with 180 kg urea, 180 kg triple super phosphate (TSP), 50 kg muriate of potash (MoP) and 120 kg gypsum ha^-1. On the other hand 180 kg urea, 180 kg triple super phosphate (TSP), 40 kg muriate of potash (MoP) and 90 kg gypsum was applied in case of without irrigated plot. Total amount of TSP, MoP and gypsum was applied in each plot at the time of final land preparation and the fertilizers were mixed thoroughly with soil by spading. Urea was top dressed in two equal splits. The seeds were sown in 25 cm apart rows by hand on 16^th of November, 2015. Germination of wheat was started on 20^th of November, 2015. Mulching such as water hyacinth and rice straw were applied on 26^th November, 2015. First irrigation was applied at crown root initiation stage (CRI) on 6 December, 2015 and second irrigation was applied at flowering stage on 15 January, 2016. The experimental crop was harvested on 13 March, 2016 at maturity. Harvesting was done plot wise and threshing, cleaning and drying was done accordingly. Data on growth parameters, yield and yield components were recorded from the sample plots. The recorded data were statistically analyzed using the “Analysis of Variance" technique and the differences among treatment means were adjudged by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test and Least Significant Difference Test whenever necessary (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 3(1): 25-35 (2018)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2018.030103

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Wheat varieties showed statistically significant variation on the growth, yield and yield contributing characteristics. BARI Gom- 28 produced highest yield and yield contributing parameters while lower value of all those parameters was recorded at BARI Gom-26. Similarly, mulching has profound effect on growth; yield and yield contributing characters and straw mulch seemed to be helpful for better yields. The interaction effect of varieties and mulching showed significant in relation to yield and yield components except plant height, spike length, 1000 seed weight and harvest index (%). The highest values were obtained BARI Gom-28 with rice straw mulch. Therefore, in order to obtain higher grain yield, farmers may be advised to grow BARI Gom- 28 with rice straw mulch. Therefore, it may be concluded that mulching with rice straw treatment can be used successfully in an integrated way for the successful cultivation of wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal