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Identification of Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Strain from River and Sewage Water in Bangladesh

Minhaz Uddin
Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain
Department of Microbiology & Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Ram Proshad
Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh

Tapos Kormoker
Department of Emergency Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh

Krishno Chandra
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Tahmina Akter Rimi
Department of Economics, Nasirabad College, Mymensingh-2200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to isolate and identify the presence of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in water samples of the Old Brahmaputra River and Sewage water at Mymensingh Municipality. A total of 20 water samples were collected for this experiment. Samples were cultured on EMB agar, stained and PCR was done to detect the pathogenic E. coli. The Old Brahmaputra River is used as a sink of all types of municipal sewage, agricultural wastes, domestic wastes and religious ritual wastes through unplanned sewerage to the river water body. Low quality sanitation system and open defecation are also considerable problems to deteriorate river water quality. Due to accumulation of municipal untreated wastes to river body, it is possible to contain various pathogens. After investigation and identification, fourteen isolates of E. coli was found to contain stx-1 gene with none of stx-2 gene among twenty isolates which indicate pathogenic STEC. There may present major health risk to human and animal due to STEC. Several human diseases like mild diarrhea, bloody diarrhea or even severe hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) may occur for drinking of untreated river water. Domestic ruminants can act as a reservoir for STEC and play a significant role in the epidemiology of human infections.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Old Brahmaputra River, PCR, STEC, Water quality

Location: Environmental Science of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensing

Start Date: 00-09-2017

End Date: 00-11-2017

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Waste

Objectives:

To assess the occurrence and presence of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7. To evaluate the occurrence and presence of E. coli O157:H7, E. coli virulence genes in sewage water and river water samples, PCR was tested.

Methodology:

Study area and water sampling- The study was carried out through experimental method at Old Brahmaputra River and sewage water at Mymensingh Municipality. Sewerage water samples from sewerage channels and river water samples from Old Brahmaputra River at Mymensingh Municipality were collected and analyzed. It takes three months (September to November, 2017) to carry out the research work, under the department of Environmental Science of Bangladesh Agricultural University. There were five sampling stations such as: (i) Uttara Police Line area (ii) Circuit House area (iii) Mymensingh Zero Point area (iv) Kewatkhali Railway colony area and (v) Boishakhi Chottor area of Banladesh Agricultural University campus. The water samples were collected for bacteriological analysis from five stations of the surrounding aquatic environment vicinity to sewage channels. Total twenty samples (10 from river water body and 10 from sewerage channels) were collected for bacteriological analysis with 100ml Falcon tube. Samples were collected between 9:30 and 11:30 am. The samples were taken from the mid-stream and few centimeters above the surface of drains or channels. These samples were placed in a light- proof box to protect from direct sunlight and then taken to the laboratory for analysis. Necessary information for each sample, date of collection, location etc were recorded in a note book. Samples were brought to the Bacteriological Laboratory of Department of Microbiology and Hygiene at Bangladesh Agricultural University. In the laboratory, samples were kept in dark and dry place. The solid culture media was Eosin-Methylene-Blue (EMB). The liquid media used for this study were Nutrient broth (NB). For Gram’s staining Crystal violet, Gram’s iodine, Safranine were used and Acetone alcohol, 70% ethyl alcohol was used for hand wash prior to collection of sample and content to work in the laboratory. The different types of glass wares and appliances used during the experiment were as follows: Test tubes, petridishes, falcon tube, immersion oil, centrifuge machine, water bath, inoculating loop, conical flask (100 ml, 500 ml, and 1000 ml), cotton, slides and cover slips, eppendrof tube, test tube stand, pipette, micropipette, incubator, refrigerator, sterilizing instruments, hot air oven, autoclave machine, electronic machine, glass bit, compound microscope, whirly mixture machine.

Source of Information: Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 4(1): 39-44 (2019)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.040106

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In Bangladesh life and river are closely related. Fishery, agriculture and even sanitation are directly or indirectly depend on river system in Bangladesh. Due to discharges of municipal sewage and other wastes through sewerage channels to river body, water quality of Old Brahmaputra River is on a threat to be degraded with low water quality parameters and presence of various pathogens. The effects of water pollution are not only harmful to people, but also to animals, fish, and birds. Polluted water is unsuitable for drinking, recreation, agriculture, and industry. The overall test results reveal that the water of Old Brahmaputra River is suitable for irrigation but presence of pathogenic E. coli can cause harm to human and animal health when they are in contact with the E. coli contaminated water. From the study, it is proved that E. coli is present in all water samples with 70% of them are pathogenic. E. coli is present mostly in sewage water (found 8 samples are pathogenic) and river water is contaminated with Shiga Toxin producing E. coli due to continuous discharge of sewage water in river (found 6 samples are pathogenic from river). However, it is recommended to suggest a way forward in achieving proper management though effective planning for the conservation of this river in near future. Routine research work with wide public awareness, government participation and government regulations can save the water of Old Brahmaputra River and thus a safe and sound water environment can be made for future generations.

Knowledge Management: Journal