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Consequences of Drought in Maize Production in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

S. Khandoker
Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M. A. Monayem Miah
Senior Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M. A. Rashid
Principal Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

M. Khatun
Scientific Officer
Agricultural Economics Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted in four districts namely Rajshahi, Jheniadah, Comilla and Rangpur during 2015-2016 to estimate the effect of drought in maize production, technical efficiency and adaptation strategy of maize farmers, and explore related problems of maize cultivation in the study areas. Rajshahi and Jhenaidah were selected as drought prone areas whereas Rangpur and Comilla were selected as favorable environment. A total of 200 farmers taking 50 from each district were selected randomly for the study. Per hectare total cost of maize cultivation in drought prone areas was found Tk. 92,582, whereas in normal environment it was Tk. 79,594. Per hectare average yield in drought prone and normal areas were 7576 kg and 8729 kg, respectively. Per hectare net return of maize in drought prone and normal areas were Tk. 28,062 and Tk. 59, 871, respectively. On full cost basis benefit cost ratio (BCR) in drought prone and normal areas were 1.31 and 1.75, respectively. Result of semi-logarithmic regression model indicated that maize production was decreased by 22.4 percent in drought prone areas than normal environment. Loss of yield (70%), loss of plant growth (55%) and problem in flowering stage (43%) were reported to be the major effects of drought. The major adaptation strategies in the drought prone areas were increase number of irrigation (77%), increase amount of fertilizer (42%) and seed (31%) and change of planting date (30%). The coefficient of human labour, seed, chemical fertilizer and insecticides were positively significant in normal environment. However, human labour, irrigation cost and land preparation cost were found positive and significant in drought prone areas. In maize cultivation, the coefficient of experience, education of the farmers and training dummy had positive and significant impact on technical efficiency. Higher price of irrigation (70%), lack of drought tolerant variety (48%) and lack of quality seed (31%) were the major problem in drought prone areas. Again, disease infestation (64%), lack of quality seed (41%) and high price of seed (36%) were the major problem in normal environment.

Keywords: Drought; Maize; Socio-economic; Technical efficiency

Location: Rajshahi, Jheniadah, Comilla and Rangpur

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Non-commodity: Drought

Objectives:

1. To assess the socio-economic status of maize farmers;

2. To estimate the cost and return of maize in drought prone and normal environment;

3. To assess the effect of drought in maize production and adaptation strategies of the farmers in drought prone areas;

4. To examine the technical efficiency of maize farmers under changing climatic conditions; and

5. To identify problems of cultivating maize in the study areas.

Methodology:

Multistage stratified random sampling technique was followed to collect sample farmers for this study. The study was conducted in four districts of Bangladesh. At first stage, two production environments namely drought prone and normal environment were purposively selected in consultation with the scientists of Plant Breeding Division of BARI. In order to capture two production environments, two districts under each environment were selected in this study. Rajshahi and Jhenaidah were selected as drought prone areas, whereas Rangpur and Comilla were selected as favorable areas. Then one upazila from each four districts and two blocks from each upazila were purposively selected in consultation with DAE personnel and maize scientists. Godagari upazila from Rajshahi district, Kaliganj from Jhenaidah, Daudkandi from Comilla and Mithapukur upazila from Rangpur district were selected for administering questionnaire survey. Finally, a total of 200 farmers taking 50 from each district were randomly selected for the study.

The study was mainly based on primary data collected through face to face interview during the month of January to April 2016. Field investigators under the direct supervision of the researcher collected field level cross-sectional data using pre-tested interview schedule. Necessary information regarding this study was collected based on input costs, price, yields etc. Collected data were edited, summarized, tabulated and analyzed to fulfill the objectives of the study. Descriptive statistics using different statistical tools like averages, percentages and ratios were used in presenting the results of the study. The profitability of maize production was examined on the basis of gross return, gross margin and benefit cost ratio analysis. Besides, the opportunity cost of family supplied labour was taken into consideration in estimating total cost. Land use cost was calculated on the basis of per year lease value of land.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report-2016; : Agricultural Economics Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study assessed the effect of drought in maize cultivation. Profitability indicators clearly indicate that maize is a remunerative crop both in drought prone and normal environment. The production of maize in drought prone areas was lower than normal areas. But the cost of production in drought prone areas was found higher than normal areas due to higher cost of irrigation and more use of inputs. The farmers in drought prone areas received less produce incurring higher costs compared to normal environment which might be the consequences of drought. Loss of yield, loss of plant growth and dryness of cob were the major effects of drought. Cent percent farmers have taken some strategy to cope up with drought. Functional analysis reveals that the use of labour, seed, chemical fertilizer and insecticides were positively significant in normal environment. However, human labour, irrigation cost and land preparation cost were found positive and significant in drought prone areas. Average technical efficiency showed that in both situations there was huge potentiality for increasing maize production through technical efficiency of maize producers. Farmers of drought prone areas were more efficient in using existing inputs and technology than normal environment. Although maize is a profitable crop, due to some setbacks few farmers showed negative attitudes toward its production. High price of irrigation, lack of quality seed, disease infestation and high price of seed were the major problem in the study areas. Farmers also wanted some facilities for increasing maize production and improving livelihood status of maize farmers in study areas.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings