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Selling Pattern and Marketing System of Boro Paddy in Purbadhala Upazila of Netrakona District in Bangladesh

MR Miah
Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensinghm2202

M Moniruzzaman
Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensinghm2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bangladesh is one of the major rice producing countries in the world; rice is the major crop of this highly populated agrarian country and this sector is by far the most important provider of rural employment. The study was designed to examinethe marketing system with selling pattern of paddy in selected areas of Netrakona district which is one of the important paddy producing areas of Bangladesh. Samples were purposively selected in order to meet the objectives. The total sample size was 45 respondents including 20 paddy farmers, 7 Faria, 5 Bepari, 5 Paiker and 8 Aratdar-cum- wholesaler. Primary data were collected through face to face interview with the farmers and intermediaries by the researcher himself during the month of November, 2013. The marketed surplus of all types of farms represents 72.07 percent of total quantity of paddy produced in this study area. Marketing functions performed by the farmers in the study area were selling of paddy, transportation, storage, grading, financing and market information. The marketing functions performed by the intermediaries were buying and selling of paddy, transportation, storage, processing, grading, financing, pricing, market information and risk bearing. Farmers and intermediaries transported their paddy to the market for sale by head/shoulder load, rickshaw, van, trolley, push cart, bi-cycle etc. In this study the researcher had found 10 marketing channels of paddy in the study area. In describing selling pattern of boro paddy, the study showed that the small farmers sold 64.17 percent of paddy and the medium and large farmers sold 70.37 and 75.00 percent of paddy, respectively. The small farmers recorded the highest number of sale (7) and the quantity offered per sale was the lowest i.e. 8.25 quintal. The number of sale for the large farms was the lowest (4) but the quantity sold per sale was the highest (53.57 quintal). The small, medium and large farmers sold 74, 39 and 25 percent of their total sale at the farm-gate and 26, 61 and 75 percent in the primary and secondary markets, respectively.

Keywords: Paddy; Selling pattern; Marketing system; Farmers

Location: Netrakona district

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The study has mainly focused on two special features: i) to examine the selling pattern of paddy by the producers/farmers and ii) to investigate the marketing system of paddy to understand the selling behaviour of producers in the study area.

Methodology:

Methodology is an indispensable and integrated part of any research. Careful considerations are needed by a researcher before conducting a study. The researcher has great responsibility to clearly describe what sorts of research design, method and procedure he would follow in selecting the study area, sampling technique and to analyze and interpret those to arrive at correct conclusions. A chronological description of the methodology used for this piece of research is presented below: Study area: For the present study Netrakona district was purposively selected because of the fact that Netrakona is one of the leading paddy producing areas in Bangladesh and the researcher had an easy access to that area. On the basis of higher concentration of paddy production, Purbadhala upazila under Netrakona district was purposively selected for this study. Then two unions namely Khalishaur and Purbadhala were selected from the Purbadhala upazila. The farmers’ information was collected from four selected villages and the trader’s information was collected from two selected markets of Purbadhala upazila. The selected villages were Shimulkhandi, Khalisha-ur (Khalisha-ur union), Kuti-ura, Narayondahar (purbadhala union) and the selected primary and secondary markets were Shimulkhandi, Narayondahar. Selection of sample and sampling: Sampling is an important part of survey work. It was not possible to interview all farmers and traders of the study area due to time limitation and resource constrains. Both the paddy farmers and traders were selected purposively from the study area. Twenty farmers from four villages were chosen for this study. The selected paddy farmers were categories into three groups’ viz. (i) small (ii) medium and (iii) large. Out of total 20 farmers, 5 were small and 8 were medium and the rest were large farmers. The farms having 0.01 to 1.00 hectare of total cultivated land were considered as small farm, farms having 1.01 to 2.00 hectares were medium farm and the farms having 2.01 hectares of land and above were termed as large farms. The intermediaries involved in the marketing of paddy were categories into several groups, viz. (i) faria (ii) bepari (iii) paiker and (iv) aratdar-cum- wholesaler. The intermediaries were as 7 faria, 5 bepari, 5 paiker and 8 aratdar-cum- wholesaler. Traders in the two selected primary and secondary markets were selected as respondent for this study. Survey instrument: The success of a study and survey depends on the proper design of the survey schedule. Keeping in mind the study objectives, a preliminary structured interview schedule was carefully designed for collecting data. The preliminary survey schedule was pre-tested with a few farmers by the author himself. During interview, if any correction, change or modifications were needed then field editing was done and thus some parts of the draft schedule were improved, modified and re-arranged in the light of the actual and practical experience gained from the pretesting. The schedule was finally developed in a simple manner so that accurate information could be obtained without repetition and misunderstanding. Author followed the main aspects of a schedule viz. the general form, question sequence and question formulation and wording to prepare schedule etc. Different set of questionnaires were prepared for different intermediaries. Questionnaire contained such type of questions which are relevant to the study objectives. Sources of data: Primary data were collected through personal interview with the respondents using questionnaire. Time series data of monthly average price of paddy from aratdar-cum-wholesaler were collected from Khalishaur union of Purbadhala upazila in Netrakona district. In this study, besides primary data, secondary data were also collected from different sources. Data include world paddy statistics, acreage and production of paddy over the years etc. The sources of secondary data were Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). Period of data collection: Data were collected from the respondents (farmers and traders). Primary data were collected from Khalisha-ur and Purbadhala union of Netrakona district on November, 2013. Collection of data: Data were collected from the respondents through face to face interview. During data collection the objectives of the study were clearly explained to the respondents so that they could understand and respond freely. The traders were interviewed in paddy markets and Hats. Farmers were interviewed at the selected village under Purbadhala upazila. The respondents were interviewed during their leisure time so that they could respond easily. The questions were asked systematically and in a very simple manner and the information was recorded on the interview schedule. In order to minimize errors, data were collected in local units. However, those units were later converted into standard unit. After completion of each interview, each schedule was checked and verified to make sure that answer to each item had been properly recorded. If there were any items which were overlooked and contradictory, the respondents were again interviewed for relevant correction. Adequate measures were taken to make the information reliable and accurate and thereby to make them meaningful. Data processing: After data collection each schedule was verified for the sake of consistency and completeness. Editing and coding were done before putting the data in computer. All the collected data were summarized and scrutinized carefully to eliminate all possible errors. The summary Tables were made in MS Excel work sheet. Interpretation, discussion of findings was presented in simple terms and finally all were arranged and compiled in the form of the thesis.

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 31 (2): 104-118, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v31i2.50715

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Marketing plays an important role in every economy, by not only in getting the product at right time and at right places but also in accelerating the production system. Bangladesh is an agro-based country. The contribution of Boro paddy is increasing day by day compared to other varieties. In respect of economic background of the paddy farmers, average farm size of small, medium and large farmers were 0.99, 1.91 and 3.25 hectares respectively. Per hectare paddy production were 58.28, 59.00 and 59.50 quintals for small, medium and large farms, respectively which were positively related to farm size. The farmers in the study area were found to sell 46 percent of their paddy at the farm-gate and the rest 54 percent in the nearest markets either primary or secondary. None of the sampled farmers was found to sell to the procurement centers. Maximum amount of paddy (about 72 percent) are sold by the farmers so paddy market has an important role for the economic development of the farmers. The most common marketing functions performed at farm level were transportation, storage, grading, financing, pricing and information etc. Farmers transported their paddy to the markets by the most traditional method. The modes of transportation used by the farmers were head/shoulder load, rickshaw, rickshaw van, trolley pushcart and bi-cycle., Most of the small farmer (47%) transported their product by head/shoulder load followed by medium farmer (30%). Large farmers (40%) mainly used rickshaw van for carrying their paddy to the market. On an average 33 per cent of farmers used head/shoulder load for carrying their paddy to the market followed by rickshaw van (30%). Most of the intermediaries collected market information through personal observation. Some of them got information from fellow traders. Small farmers borrowed money from the mohazon/money lender in the study area and normally cost of borrowed money from this source is larger than any other sources so the formal financing institutions should come forward to provide loan to the small farmers on easy terms and conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal