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Germination and Seedling Leaf Chlorophyll Content of Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) Grown Under Industrial Wastewater Condition

SK Pramanik
Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

S Sikder
Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The tobacco industry is one of the biggest industries in the world generates and disposes large quantities of wastewater in the environment which may be toxic to the plant, animal, public health as well as environment. Therefore, an experiment was conducted during November, 2019 at Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to observe the effects of tobacco industry wastewater on germination, early seedling growth and seedling leaf chlorophyll content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Three wheat genotypes (BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29 and BAW 1177) and two growing conditions (normal tap water and tobacco industry wastewater) were assigned in a completely randomized design with three replications in germination test. Results showed that germination characteristics, seedling growth and chlorophyll content in leaf of seedling significantly influenced by wheat genotype, growing condition and their interaction. Irrigation with tobacco industry wastewater lowered the germination percentage, rate of germination, co-efficient of germination and vigor index. However, seedlings irrigated with tobacco industry wastewater produced longer shoot and root as compared to seedlings irrigated with tap water. Similarly, tobacco industry wastewater increased the shoot and root dry weight but reduced the chlorophyll content in leaf of seedling. Among the three wheat genotypes, BAW 1177 performed better under both tap water and wastewater conditions regarding germination, early growth and chlorophyll content in leaf of seedling.

Keywords: Wheat, Tobacco-wastewater, Germination, Growth, Chlorophyll

Location: Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2019

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Wheat, Water pollution

Objectives:

To assess the effects of tobacco industry wastewater on germination, early seedling growth and seedling leaf chlorophyll content of wheat genotypes.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during November 2019 at Crop Physiology and Ecology Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Laboratory experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replications. Three wheat genotypes (BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29 and BAW 1177) were assigned for evaluating germination capacity under tobacco industry wastewater. A control set up was considered using only tap water. Healthy seeds of three wheat genotypes were collected from Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur. The wastewater samples were collected from the drainage system of three tobacco industries (Akij Tobacco Industry Ltd., Abul Khayer Tobacco Industry Ltd., and British American Tobacco Bangladesh Ltd.) situated in Rangpur City. Samples were collected in plastic bottles that had been cleaned with hydrochloric acid (1:1) and then rinsed with tap water followed by rinsing with distilled water. The water samples collected from three industries were mixed thoroughly and considered as 100% wastewater. Clean, air dried and sterilized petridishes (11 cm diameter) were taken for the germination test. Twenty-five seeds of each genotype were placed on filter paper sprinkled with the respective treatment solution. Before placing, seeds were surface sterilized in 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 30 seconds, and then the seeds were washed thoroughly with tap water followed by distilled water. The entire set up was then kept in a well ventilated and diffused sunlight mediated room. Each petridish containing the seeds was irrigated with the respective treatment solution at 1- day interval throughout the experimental period (12 days). Germination was counted at 24-hours interval and continued up to 5^th day. A seed was considered germinated when plumule and radicle came out and larger than 2 mm long. The percentage of germination was considered at the 5^th day of placement of seeds. The rate of germination was calculated according to Krishnasamy and Seshu (1990) and co-efficient of germination and vigor index were calculated using the formulae of Copeland (1976). The length of shoot and root of seedling was recorded by centimeter scale at 12 days after placement. Five seedlings from each petridish were sampled for shoot and root length. Then shoot and root were dried separately at 70°C for 72 hours in an electric oven and weight were recorded with an electrical balance. The mean length and dry weight were calculated for each treatment combination. Total chlorophyll content of leaf was determined at 12 days after placement of seeds according to Witham et al. (1986). Total chlorophyll content was determined in the acetone extract (80% v/v) measured in a spectrophotometer at 645 and 663 nm and the concentration was expressed as mg chlorophyll g^-1 fresh weight by using the following equations- Total chlorophyll (mg g^-1 FW) = [20.2(D₆₄₅) +8.02(D₆₆₃)] × [V/ (1000 × W)]. Where, V = Volume of 80% aqueous acetone (ml), W = Weight of fresh leaf (g) D₆₄₅ = Absorbance at 645 nm wavelength and D₆₆₃ = Absorbance at 663 nm wavelength. The data were analyzed by partitioning the total variance using Statistix 10 program and the means were compared by Tukey’s Test.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 10-17

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v18i1.49454

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the results of this study, it can be concluded that tobacco industry wastewater reduced the speed of germination and chlorophyll content in seedling leaf but accelerated the early seedling growth of wheat. Therefore, the tobacco industry wastewater should be tested for its suitability for irrigation and treated to remove the pollutants before using it for irrigation purpose. Among the three wheat genotypes, BAW 1177 performed better under both tap water and wastewater conditions in relation to germination, early seedling growth and maintaining maximum chlorophyll content in seedling leaf.

Knowledge Management: Journal