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A Study on Growth Performance of Nile Tilapia (oreochromis Niloticus) by Substituting Fishmeal with Soybean Meal in Diet

Mst. Arzu Pervin
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Halima Jahan
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Rabeya Akter
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Noore Safa Ema,
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Zakir Hossain
Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Replacement of fish meal with soybean meal is an effective way to relieve the pressure on fish meal as the supply of this feed ingredient is dwindling and certainly is not sustainable in long term at present levels in commercial feeds. This study was conducted to assess the growth performance (length, weight, specific growth rate)of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by replacing the percentage of fish meal with soybean meal in formulated diets. Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fry were collected from Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh and treated with five formulated diets D1, D2, D3, D4, D5respectively containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% soybean meal as a replacement of fish meal. Forty O. niloticushaving an initial weight of 6.60±0.13 g and initial length of 5.42±0.17 cm were fed these diets twice a day for 6 months. For growth analysis, length and weight of the fish were recorded at 30 days interval for 6 months. Significantly higher (P<0.001) body weight was observed in D1 (SBM 0) and D2 (SBM 25) groups at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days; and in D3 (SBM 50) and D4 (SBM 75) groups at 150 and 180 days compared to D5 (SBM100) group. Significantly higher (P<0.05) body length was observed in D1(SBM 0) and D2 (SBM 25) groups at 180 days compared to D5 (SBM100) group These results suggest that the replacement of FM up to75% with SBM showed better growth performance in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus).

Keywords: Growth performance, Soybean meal, Length, Weight gain

Location: Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Tilapia

Objectives:

A research on replacement of FM with SBM as an ingredient of fish feed in order to make steady supply of aquafeeds for aquaculture has been designed.

Methodology:

Site of experiment The site of the experiment was the Mini Hatchery Complex of Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Proximate analysis of feed and feed ingredient was analyzed at the Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, BAU, Mymensingh. Physico-chemical parameters of water During the entire experimental period the temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of water were monitored regularly. Water temperature of the cisterns was recorded with digital thermometer at 7 days interval. DO was determined using dissolved oxygen meter (Model: DO-5509, China) at 7 days interval. Water pH was measured by using portable digital pH meter (HI 98127, China) at 7 days interval. Source of Nile tilapia fry and feed ingredients Nile tilapia fry (O. niloticus) was a generous gift from Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh and upon arrival at the faculty were stocked in the cisterns of Mini Hatchery Complex, adjacent to the Faculty of Fisheries, BAU, Mymensingh. Continuous water circulation was provided in a closed system and maintained at 18 cm depth. Fish were offered formulated diet prepared with ingredients that were collected from Mymensingh town. Cod Liveroil was bought from local Kamal-Ranjit Market, BAU campus, Mymensingh. Feed ingredients were used for the formulation of diet for the fish. Analysis of the proximate composition of the feeds After feed formulation,proximate composition of feed was analyzed to check the accuracy of the formulation. The Proximate composition of the dietary ingredients were determined following the standard methods given by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2019) in the Nutrition Laboratory of Faculty of Fisheries, BAU, Mymensingh. Moisture content was determined by drying an accurately weighed amount (about 3 g) of sample in a pre-weighed porcelain in an electric oven at 105^oC for 24 h. After weighing samples (about 1 g) were taken in porcelain crucibles and heated in an oven at 110^oC prior to ashing at 450^oC in a muffle furnace (Carbolite EML 11/6) for overnight and the average percentage of each sample of remaining material was taken as ash. Crude protein of samples was determined by following standard Micro-Kjeldhal method. Accurately weighed samples (about 0.5 g) were digested by 10 ml concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) in presence of catalyst (Kjeldhal tablet and selenium powder) in Kjeldhal flask for about 45 min at 420^oC in 2020 digester (Tecator). Then the digested material distilled with 33% sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) and 40% sodium hydroxide(NaOH) solution in Kjeltech system 1026 distilling unit. The distillate was collected in 25 ml of 4% boric acid (H3BO3) and titrated with standard hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.2 N) and the nitrogen value obtained was converted into percentage of crude protein multiplying with a factor of 5.85. Lipid content was determined by extracting a weighed quantity of samples with analytical grade acetone in an all ground-joined Soxhlet apparatus. Accurate weighed sample (about 2.3 g) was taken in pre-weighed thimbles and dipped in acetone. Extraction was allowed to continue by heating in Electromantle ME at 70^oC until clear acetone (without oil) was seen in siphon, which took about 3 h then the round bottom flask of the apparatus was separated and left for evaporation. After the evaporation of acetone, only the lipid was left in the flask that was later calculated in percentage. Accurately weighed sample (about 0.5 g) was taken in pre-weighed filter crucible and crude fibre was determined following standard procedure andfinally calculated in percentage. Nitrogen free extracts was estimated as soluble carbohydrate by subtracting the sum of moisture, crude protein, ash and crude fibre from 100 and was calculated using the following formula: NFE= 100-(moisture + crude protein + lipid + ash + crude fibre) Feeding and growth observation of tilapia The formulated diet was allowed to store in a freezer for later use. Formulated diet was provided to fish twice daily, once in the early morning and next at afternoon. Effects of soybean meal on tilapia154 Five diets were formulated as D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% of SBM as a replacement of FM. Feeding trial was continued for 6 months and length and weight of fish were observed at 30 days intervals. Evaluation of growth performance The variables of growth performance were calculated as follows:Weight gain (WG; g) = Wf−Wi Specific growth rate (SGR; % d⁻¹) = (lnWf-lnWi)/× 100Hepatosomatic index (HSI; %) = weight of liver (g)/Wt× 100 Viscerosomatic index (VSI; %) = weight of viscera (g)/Wt×100Where Wi and Wf are the initial and final body weights (g) at the beginning and end of the feeding trial, respectively; and Wt indicates total weight of fish. Statistical analysis Waller Duncan multiple test range as post-hoc were performed considering a 5 % significant level by using SPSS ver. 11.5 computer software program.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(1): 152–156, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.94754

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings in this study showed that replacing up to 75% of FM with SBM exerted a positive effect on growth performances of O. niloticus.

Knowledge Management: Journal