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Survey on Foot and Root Rot Disease of Betel Vine (piper Betle L.) Under Prevailing Environmental Condition

Md Hafizur Rahman
Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Cumilla, Bangladesh

Md Rafiqul Islam
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

FM Aminuzzaman
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abdul Latif
Dept. of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Habibur Rahman
Dept. of Plant Pathology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field survey was conducted to find out the incidence of foot and root rot of betel vine caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under the prevailing environmental conditions in major betel vine growing areas of Bangladesh. The areas were Gouranadi, Kaligonj, Mirpur, Mohanpur and Sitakunda Upazila under the district of Barisal, Jhenaidah, Kushtia, Rajshahi and Chittagong, respectively. The incidence of foot and root rot disease varied remarkably and ranged from 4.53 to 15.46% in different upzillas. The maximum incidence of 15.46% was recorded from Gouranadi where soil pH was 5.4, the ambient temperature was around 32°C, relative humidity was 82% and light intensity was 53x100 lux. The lowest incidence of the disease was observed as 4.53% from Sitakunda where soil pH was 6.6, the ambient temperature was 28°C, RH was 72% and light intensity was 74x100lux. The incidence of foot and root rot of betel vine was high in the areas where soil pH and light intensity were low and temperature and relative humidity were high.

Keywords: Betel vine, Environment factors, Foot and root rot, Incidence

Location: Gouranadi, Kaligonj, Mirpur, Mohanpur and Sitakunda Upazilas under the districts of Barisal, Jhenaidah, Kushtia, Rajshahi and Chittagong of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Betel leaf

Objectives:

To find out the incidence of foot and root rot of betel vine caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under the prevailing environmental condition in major betel vine growing areas of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The survey was conducted at five selected major betel vine growing areas of Bangladesh. The areas were Gouranadi, Kaligonj, Mirpur, Mohanpur and Sitakunda Upazilas under the districts of Barisal, Jhenaidah, Kushtia, Rajshahi and Chittagong, respectively. Five betel vine gardens (barojes) of each Upazila were visited thrice in a year for recording data. The scheduled was prepared based on variations in ambient temperature, relative humidity and rainfall during the survey period. Data were collected during late summer (August), late winter (February) and mid-summer (May) seasons of the years 2015 to 2017. From each baroj, an area of approximately 1000 m² was selected for data collection. Cultivars available in those areas were considered for investigation. Nine visits were made to each garden during the survey periods. Plants were selected randomly from the central part of the garden. Altogether 100 plants of each garden and 500 plants of each location were considered for the survey. The incidence of the disease was computed based on the following formula: Percent disease incidence = Number of the infected plant in the area covered/Number of inspected plant--- × 100. Data on environmental factors were collected using a digital hygro thermometer, soil pH and moisture meter and lux meter. Soil pH and light intensity in the garden were recorded using a Survey Instrument (Model: 4 in 1: AMT-300). Air temperature and relative humidity were determined by Digital Hygro Thermometer (Model: SH-110, G H Zeal ltd., London SW 19 3UU England). Pooled data of five barojes per location were collected during the surveys in late summer (August), late winter (February) and mid-summer (May). The pathogens associated with the foot and root rot disease of betel vine were isolated from the collected diseased samples from major betel vine growing areas of the selected Upazilas of Bangladesh following the tissue planting method (Tuite, 1969). The diseased basal stems were thoroughly washed with tap water to remove soil and sand particles. After washing infected plant parts were cut into small pieces (5 cm) from advancing end of the lesions. The cut pieces were surface sterilized with 1.0% chlorox (NaOCl) for 5 minutes and rinsed with sterilized water 3 times. Surface sterilized plant pieces were plated on PDA media in 90 mm petridishes and incubated at room temperature (25±2°C) for 3-5 days and examined daily for any fungal growth. Growing cottony mycelium was transferred to PDA plates to purify and multiply. The characteristics were compared with an appropriate key book (Ellis, 1971) and identified as isolates of S. rolfsii. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 26-30

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v18i1.49456

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the survey revealed that in the areas where soil pH and light intensity were low and temperature and relative humidity were high, the incidence of foot and root rot of betel vine was high. The disease was significantly favoured by high temperature (32.61°C), low soil pH (pH 5.4), Low light intensity (53 × 100 lux), and high relative humidity (82.46%). The results show that higher disease incidence was found in a warmer environment.

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