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Millet-jute-t. Aman Cropping Pattern for Increasing System Productivity in the Active Brahmaputra-jamuna Floodplain Chars

AA Mahmud
On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Gaibandha, Bangladesh

M Jahangir Alam
On-Farm Research Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Gaibandha, Bangladesh

MA Islam
On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Bogura, Bangladesh

MSH Molla
On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Rangpur, Bangladesh

MA Ali
On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Increasing system productivity in a planned way is an important base for attaining food security, where bringing marginal land like Charland under intensive crop cultivation is highly desirable. The field trial was conducted in the Charland of the Jamuna River under Saghataupazilla of Gaibandha during 2017- 18 & 2018-19 to increase the productivity and profitability through the development of three crops-based improved cropping patterns instead of the local practice (double-crop). Three crops based improved cropping pattern namely Millet (BARI Kaon-2)-Jute (O-9897)-T. Aman (Gainja) was compared with the existing cropping pattern of Millet (Local)-Fallow-T. Aman (Gainja). The experiment was laid out in six dispersed replications maintaining RCB design. The introduced improved cropping pattern produced the higher system productivity based on rice equivalent yield, REY (12.95 t ha^-1), than the existing cropping pattern (4.20 t ha^-1), which is three times higher than the existing pattern. Total field duration and turnaround time were 323 and 42 days, respectively in improved pattern and 215 and 150 days, respectively in the existing pattern, which revealed that 108 days more could be made productive through the introduction of improved cropping pattern. The alternate pattern increased production efficiency and land-use efficiency by 35% and 30%, respectively than that of the existing cropping system. The gross margin was also three times higher in the improved cropping pattern (1, 41,600 Tk ha^-1 yr^-1) compared to the farmers’ existing cropping pattern (38,350 Tk ha^-1 yr^-1). The marginal benefit-cost ratio (MBCR) was calculated 2.44 in an improved cropping pattern over the existing cropping pattern. The inclusion of an extra one crop (Jute) in the existing cropping pattern and replacement of the local millet variety by high yielding variety (BARI Kaon-2) could play a significant role to increase the system productivity as well as profitability in the Charland of Saghata, Gaibandha.

Keywords: Cropping intensity, Char area, Rice equivalent yield, Production efficiency, Land-use efficiency

Location: On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gaibandha, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Jute, Rice

Objectives:

1. To increase the system productivity and profitability by introducing an additional crop (jute) and BARI Kaon-2 instead of local Kaon in the existing cropping pattern, and

2. To popularize this pattern to the farmers of Saghata, Gaibandha.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during 2017-18 & 2018-19 at farmers’ field of Chinirpotol char in Saghata, Gaibandha (25°6' N, 89°35' E and 18 m above sea level) under the AEZ-7 (Active Brahmaputra-Jamuna Floodplain) with the active support of On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gaibandha. The climate of the experimental site is subtropical monsoon with high rainfall from May to September. The annual average rainfall is 2086 mm, of which 93% occurs from May to October. Monthly average temperature ranges 18.2°C in January to 28.6°C in August, with maximum and minimum values of 34.4°C and 11.6°C in April and January, respectively. The soil of the experimental site was sandy and silty alluvium, rich with weatherable minerals with slightly alkaline in reaction (FRG, 2018). Initial soil was collected from the plot before starting the experiment and analyzed accordingly. The soil status showed that organic matter was very low, nitrogen was limiting whereas, K, S, Zn, and B status were very low to medium (Table 1). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 6 dispersed replications on farmers’ field. Two cropping patterns viz., improved pattern Millet (var. BARI Kaon-2)-Jute (var. O-9897)-T. Aman (var. Gainja) and farmers’ existing pattern Millet (var. Local) -Fallow- T. Aman (var. Gainja) were tested to evaluate agronomic performance and economic return. The unit plot size was 100 m^-2. (10m x 10m). Seeds were sown @ 10 kg ha^-1 in millet and 1.5 kg ha^-1 in jute on 1-30 January and 25 April-5 May in each of the year. Twenty-five- day-old rice seedlings were uprooted carefully from the seedbed and transplanted from 20 September to 10 October, with 2-3 seedlings hill^- 1 each of the years in the alternative pattern, and 25 August to 15 September in the existing pattern. Fertilizer was applied in all crops on soil test based (STB) according to the fertilizer recommendation guide (FRG, 2012) presented. In millet and jute, half of N and all of P, K, S, Zn, and B were applied during final land preparation. The remaining N was applied at 35- 40 days after sowing (DAS) in millet and 40-45 DAS in jute. In Aman rice, all P, K, S, and Zn were broadcast on the soil surface immediately before transplanting. Nitrogen was applied into three equal splits at 10 days after transplanting (DAT), 30 DAT (4-5 tiller stage), and 50 DAT (7 days before panicle initiation). Protective control measures were taken against the major insect and diseases in each of the crops as and when necessary. Grain yield was determined by harvesting a 16 m² (4 m × 4 m) area in the center of each plot. The grain was manually threshed and fresh grain and straw weights were determined. Grain moisture content was determined on 3 × 100 grain subsamples using a grain moisture meter (Model: GMK-303RS) at the time of weighing. Fresh grain yield was converted to grain yield (t ha⁻¹) at 12% moisture content (millet) and 14% (rice). Straw moisture content (%) was determined on a subsample of the fresh straw which was weighed, dried at 70 °C for 3-5 days until a constant weight was achieved.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 129-136

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v18i1.49465

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study reflected that in terms of rice equivalent yield or system productivity, production efficiency, land use efficiency and economics, the Millet-Jute-T. Aman cropping pattern/systems were superior to the Millet- fallow-T. Aman system. The concerned farmers were very encouraged to learn about the developed practices, and they agreed to take this technology to increase their productivity as well as farm income. Due to growing of the three crops instead of two crops in a land in a year the cropping system productivity will be increased as well as food and economic security of the farmers will be ascertained. So, replacing Millet- fallow-T. Aman by the more diverse Millet-Jute- T. Aman cropping pattern should be promoted to the suitable in the char areas of Gaibandha and other similar areas.

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