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Feasibility of Introducing Four Crops Based Cropping Patterns in Kushtia Area of Bangladesh

MS Rahman
Pulses Research Centre and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh

MT Islam
Pomology Division, Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

MS Ali
Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Jashore, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The trial was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site under On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Kushtia during the last week of February, 2015 to second week of February, 2017 at farmers’ field condition to find out the productivity and profitability of three alternate cropping patterns, i.e. ACP₁=Mustard (var: BARI Sarisha-15) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var: Binadhan-7), ACP₂=Lentil (var: BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7), ACP₃=Wheat (var: BARI Gom-28) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7) against the existing cropping pattern, i.e. ECP= Lentil (var: BARI Mashur-6) – Sesame (BARI Teel-3) - T. Aman (var: Binadhan-7). Findings revealed that the required mean crop durations ranged 340-356 days for one cycle in a year in four crops based cropping patterns against 293 days in existing cropping pattern. Total seed/grain yields in terms of REY of ACP₁, ACP₂, and ACP₃ were 14.85, 16.06 and 14.92 t ha^-1 year^-1, respectively which were 44%, 56% and 45%, respectively higher than that of existing pattern (10.30 t ha^-1 year^-1). Mean production efficiency (32.53-40.43 kg ha^-1day^-1), land use efficiency (93.15-97.53%) and mean gross margin ( Tk. 109393 - Tk. 127834 ha^-1) of all alternate cropping patterns were higher than that of existing cropping pattern (PE: 23.63 kg ha^-1day^-1, LUE: 80.28% and gross margin Tk. 94929 ha^-1). As a result, all alternate cropping patterns were agronomically feasible and economically profitable. Among the alternate cropping patterns, ACP₂=Lentil (var: BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var: Binadhan-7) performed the best. Therefore, farmers in Kushtia area of Bangladesh might follow the alternate cropping patterns in high and medium high land for higher crop productivity and profitability over existing cropping pattern.

Keywords: Grain yield, Production efficiency, Rice equivalent yield, Mungbean, Lentil

Location: On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Kushtia, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-02-2015

End Date: 00-02-2017

Program Area: Farming System

Commodity: Lentil, Mungbean, Rice, Sesame

Objectives:

To find out the productivity and profitability of alternate cropping patterns and to compare its productivity, profitability, land use efficiency, and production efficiency against farmer’s existing cropping pattern.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site under On-Farm Research Division (OFRD), BARI, Kushtia during the last week of February, 2015 to first week of March, 2017 at farmers’ field condition. Soil samples were taken separately over 0-15 cm depth to determine baseline and post soil properties, respectively. Three four-crop based alternate cropping patterns (ACP), i.e., ACP₁= Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-15) - Mungbean (var. BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var. BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7), ACP₂= Lentil (var. BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var. BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var. BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7), ACP₃= Wheat (var. BARI Gom-28) - Mungbean (var. BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var. BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7) and one existing cropping pattern (ECP); Lentil (var. BARI Masur-6) - Sesame (var. BARI Till-3) - T. Aman rice (var. Binadhan-7) as control were tested as per objectives. The experiment was laid out in block approach where four blocks were separated and each block was consisted in one hectare of land for each cropping pattern including 7-8 farmers. The first block was mustard based ACP, second block lentil based ACP and third block wheat based ACP and fourth block existing cropping pattern based which was considered as control. The trial was started by mungbean cultivation as first crops in all alternate cropping patterns. Lentil, sesame, mustard, wheat and mungbean seed was sown in broadcasting method due to minimize labour cost of farmers. Fertilizer management and intercultural operations like weeding, mulching, irrigation and pest management were done according to Mondal et al. (2011), Azad et al., (2014) and BRRI (2013) for studied crops. The fertilizer dose for studied crops was lentil (Farmers dose: 17.15-18.7-5-0-0-0 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1 and Experiment dose: 20 - 17 -17.5 - 9.44 -1-1 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1), sesame (86.5-18-26-9.5-0-0 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1), mustard (126-35-46-29.5-2.5-2.12 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1), wheat (20 - 17 - 17.5 - 9.44 -1-1for NPKSZnB kgha^-1), mungbean (17-17-18-10-0-1 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1), T. Aman (Farmer dose: 103.4-22.5-37.5-9.5-2.6 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1 and Experiment dose: 86-22.5-37.5-9.5-1.61-0 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1) and T. Aus (86-22.5-37.5- 9.5-2.15-0.6 for NPKSZnB kgha^-1). The economic indices like total variable cost and gross return were also calculated on the basis of prevailing market price of the produces. For economic evaluation of four tested cropping patterns, average data of two crop cycles were used. Gross return was calculated on the basis of taka per hectare of product and by-product. Total variable cost (TVC) of different crops was calculated on the basis of taka per hectare of different operations performed and materials used for raising the crops. The MBCR of the existing cropping pattern and any replacement for it can be computed as the marginal value product ((MVP) over the marginal value cost (MVC). The Marginal of prevalent pattern (F) and any potential replacement (E) for it was computed as (CIMMYT, 1988).

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 94-102

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v18i1.49462

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The above findings showed that all alternate cropping patterns were superior to existing cropping pattern in terms of seed/grain yield, REY, production efficiency, land use efficiency and profitability. It could be easily fitted in the existing cropping pattern within a year. Soil chemical analysis revealed that organic matter, N, Zn and B content increased due to incorporation of mungbean in the soil of alternate cropping pattern. Among the alternate cropping patterns, ACP₂=Lentil (var: BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var: Binadhan-7) was the best. The cropping intensity and productivity could be increased by growing four crops in a year in the same piece of land. So, the farmers in Kushtia area of Bangladesh might follow these alternate patterns in their high and medium high land for higher productivity and profitability.

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