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Assessing the Participation of Indigenous Santals People in Chapainawabganj District of Bangladesh in Income Generating Activities

Mithun Kumar Ghosh
Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Afroza Awal Shoily
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Md. Shafiqul Islam
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Umma Musarrat Misu
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Mst. Afroza Khatun
Faculty of Agriculture, EXIM Bank Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to determine the participation of indigenous people in different income generating activities (IGAs) and identify their problems. The study focused especially the Santal (an indigenous community of Bangladesh) peoples living in Chapainawabganj district. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face to face interview from randomly selected sample size of 120 respondents. The Santals did not have recognizable access to education and income generating activities (IGAs). The main findings indicate that, most of the respondents were in between 29-50 years of age. About 60% of the respondents were illiterate with 80% belonged to medium sized family which consist of 4 to 6 members. Agriculture is the main occupation among of the respondents. Among them, only 3.33% people are involved with Government services. Most of the people are found without own land although they continue their livelihood mostly by crop production, livestock rearing, fish culture and day laboring. They take lease of cultivable land from others. The respondents had an average annual family income of about 71429BDT whereas about 80% of the respondents were under low income category. Lack of money was found the most important problem in the study area according to Focus Group Discussion (FGD). IGAs improved the overall livelihood status of the Santals in the study area.

Keywords: Participation, Indigenous people, Santals, Income Generating Activities, Demographic characteristics

Location: Chapainawabganj district of Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-08-2018

End Date: 00-10-2018

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Income generation

Objectives:

1. To ascertain the respondent’s demographic characteristics;

2. To identify the participation of indigenous people in different Income Generating Activities (IGAs) along with the problems faced by the indigenous people in the study area while operating IGAs;

Methodology:

The present study is based on survey method. The study is confined to the Santal tribe of Chapainawabganj District. Anthropological techniques and methods such as participant observation, group discussions, interview schedule and informal conversations were taken place for this study. A semi structured interview schedule was utilized to collect responses from the respondents of the study area. Besides, for collecting data, face to face interviews and observation were carried out as this is the most commonly used method for data collection (Ogunlade and Adebayo, 2009). Delbari, Baliadanga, Babudaying and Jolaharare the unions of Chapainawabganj Sadar upazilla under Chapainawabgonj district were selected as the study area. All Santals of the area were the population of the study. Among them 120 respondents were selected through simple random sampling technique as sample. Random sampling technique is simple and best suited for smaller population (Moore et al., 2014). The entire process of data collection was conducted from August to October, 2018. The variables of this study which influenced the respondent’s opinion are age, educational status, family size, occupation, cultivable land, annual income and their main problems. Age of a respondent is measured in terms of actual years on the basis of their statement. Educational status was measured by the number of years of schooling. Family size referred to the total number of members of a family including the respondent himself/herself, spouse, child and other permanent dependent who lived together as family unit. Annual income of the respondents was measured in Bangladeshi taka (BDT) on the basis of total yearly earning from different agricultural and non-agricultural sources of their family. Some income generating activities were selected purposively from many the santals were engaged with and were measured using frequency. We identified their main problems using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) among 40 respondents, they were divided into four sub groups and finally ranking of the problems were done by counting scores. Overall livelihood status of the respondents was measured through percentage. Different analysis like frequency count, means, ranges with percentages, category were administered utilizing Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software to show the contribution of demographic characteristics and income generating activities of the respondents.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 137-143

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/agric.v18i1.49466

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study identified the status of Santals of Chapainwabganj in respect of various parameters. Findings of the study showed majority of the respondents were illiterate having medium size family. Most of them fall under low annual income, had no own land, they took lease from others and earning their income. Agriculture was the main source of occupation in the study area. The main IGAs observed in the study area were crop cultivation, livestock rearing, fish culture. Findings from FGD demonstrated that lack of money among the respondents was the most important problem followed by transportation problems, lack of Training about agricultural activities, lack of subsidy, lack of educational institutions respectively. Alongside, overall livelihood status of the indigenous people of the study area has been improved through IGAs. Finally the study suggested that proper initiatives from policy makers are highly demanded to improve the life standard of the indigenous people creating ample income generation opportunities.

Knowledge Management: Journal