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Efficiency of Organic Pesticides, Turmeric (curcuma Longa) and Neem (azadirachta Indica) Against Dry Fish Beetle (dermestes Sp.) During Storage Condition

Ulfat Jahan Lithi
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200

Md. Faridullah
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200

Vikash Chandra Roy
Department of Fisheries Technology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200

Krishna Chandra Roy
Department of Fisheries Management, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200

A. K. M. Nowsad Alam
Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Efficacy of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and neem (Azadirachta indica) or repelling dry fish insects (Dermestes sp. adult and larva) was investigated on the basis of their repellency rate, storage quality, sensory attributes of turmeric and neem treated dry fish and their cooked products. Pesticides prepared from turmeric and neem, were used in the form of extract and powder. The extracts were tested at the concentrations of 2%, 3%, 5% for turmeric and 3%, 5%, 7% for neem. Turmeric and neem powder were used for treatment at the rate of 2.0%, 3%, 4.0% upon 100 g dry fish. The repellency rate of Dermestes sp., adults was highest, where larvae showed mere resistance against herbal pesticides. Pesticides prepared from turmeric were more repellent than neem pesticides. Control and treated dry fish had almost similar sensory attributes after the 2^nd month. However, odor, texture, general appearance and insect occurrence of control dry fish decreased significantly after 4^th month of storage but all those parameters of treated dry fish were nearly unchanged. However, the sensory quality of dry fish treated with turmeric and neem were remain unchanged after the 4^th month. The results suggested that 3% extract and powder of turmeric or neem at the rate of 5% extract and 3% powder can be used as suitable field doses for direct application in dry fish to prevent insect infestation during storage of dry fish products.

Keywords: Dry fish, Insect repellency, Sensory quality, Herbal extract

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of turmeric and neem extract and powder in repelling insects and pests of dry fish. Determination of field dosage of these herbs against Dermestes sp. was carried out, the moreover sensory quality of dry fish treated with turmeric and neem and cooked products of those treated dry fish was also evaluated.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Laboratories of the Department of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The efficacy of both extracts and powder of turmeric and neem on repelling insects in dried fish was investigated. Collection and processing of plant materials Neem leaves were collected from roadside trees of Bangladesh Agricultural University campus and dried turmeric was purchased from the local market of Mymensingh. Bringing the plant materials into laboratory neem leaves were washed in running water and keep them for air drying, after that they were dried under the sun in open air for two consecutive days to gain constant weight. Preparation of plant extract and powder Neem water extract (stock solution) was prepared by taking 1 kg of green neem leaves in 2 liters of water, whereas turmeric water extract (stock solution) was prepared by using 200 g of each dust dissolved in 2 liters of potable water, boiled for 60 minutes at 90°C, then filtered and cooled, finally make the volume of 500 ml in a measuring dark glass bottle and kept in the refrigerator for bioassay test (Lithi et al,. 2012). Dried portions of turmeric and neem powder were prepared with the help of a grinder (Preethi ECOCHEF MG159/BL) by pulverizing, uniform dust was obtained by using a 25-mesh diameter sieve. After that, the dust of neem leaves and turmeric were preserved in an airtight plastic container until further use in a direct application or extract preparation (Nowsad et al., 2013). Preparation of dried fish: Fresh jatpunti (Puntius sophore), were collected from local market and scaled, gutted and washed with clean water. Then turmeric extract at the rate of 2%, 3% and, 5% and neem extract at the rate of 3%, 5% and 7% were sprinkled over the fish by using a hand sprayer. Treated wet fish and untreated control wet fish were spread separately over the drying rack and dried for 3–4 consecutive days in order to reduce the moisture level less than 16%. After completion of the drying process, treated and control dried fishes were preserved separately in polythene bag to prevent absorption of moisture and kept in room temperature. Collection and rearing of insect Dermestes sp. (adult) and (larvae) were collected from dried fish markets of Mymensingh town. The insects were reared in plastic jars containing dry fish and kept in a laboratory of the Department of Fisheries Technology at 27–30°C. Insect bioassays and Repellency test To determine repellency rate of turmeric and neem against Dermestes sp. (adult) and (larvae), insect bioassay was conducted in the Fisheries Technology Laboratory at 27 to 30°C temperature. Repellency test was conducted for adults Dermestes sp., and larvae of Dermestes sp. according to the method of (Talukder and Howse, 1995). Application of neem and turmeric on dry fish for repellency test Turmeric and neem extracts treated dry fish with at different concentrations were used to determine the repellency rate of insects. Petridishes containing crushed dry fishes were divided into two parts with a free line space open along the middle of petridish. One part was treated with prescribed dose of neem or turmeric extract and untreated control sample was assayed in parallel in the same petridish. For turmeric and neem powder, untreated control dry fish were crushed and placed in a petridish by maintaining into two parts again. One part of dry fish was treated with three variables of turmeric and neem powders, viz., 2.0%, 3.0% and, 4.0% by spreading over the dry fish part. Turmeric and neem powder treated dry fish was separated by a free line space along the middle of the petridish from the control untreated part. In the center, free-space line of each petridish ten insects was released and covered them. The number of insects present on treated and untreated portion was counted up to five hours at hourly intervals. The repellency class of turmeric and neem stock solution at different concentration levels varied between I to V. The data were expressed as percentage repulsion (PR %) by the following formula: PR (%) = (NC–50) x 2 Where, NC = Percentage of insects present in the control half. Positive (+) values showed repellency and negative (–) values showed attractancy. Data (PR %) was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The average values were categorized as following class according to (Mc Donald et al., 1970). Use of extract and powder of turmeric and neem into dry fish for storage Extracts and powders of turmeric and neem was applied at several doses to determine the efficiency of turmeric and neem pesticides on repelling insects, during the storage period of dry fish. As stated, the turmeric extracts were applied to the dry fish at the rate of 2%, 3%, 5 % and neem extract were applied to the dry fish at the rate of 3%, 5%, and 7%. Turmeric and neem powder was applied to the dry fish at the rate of 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0% in each 100 g dry fish pack. Pesticide-treated dry fish and control dry fish were kept in polyethylene bags with open mouth conditions to allow the movement of insects and stored at room temperature (30.3± 2.4^oC).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(1): 110–116, 2019https://doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40672

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Turmeric and neem pesticides effectively repelled the infestation of Dermestes sp. insects in dry fish and pesticide-treated cooked dry fish obtained an excellent and acceptable score in terms of color, flavor and, taste. These herbal pesticides could be a good alternative against harmful chemical pesticides and dry fish processors can be able to use crude turmeric and neem extracts or powders for controlling dermestid beetle in dry fish both during processing and storage. Turmeric extract and powder at the rate of 3% or neem at the rate of 5% extract or 3.0% powder could be suitable field doses for direct application in dry fish to repel insects while storing the products.

Knowledge Management: Journal