Md. Simul Bhuyan*
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Md. Shafiqul Islam
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Industrialization, Heavy Metal, Pollution, Effect, Environment
Risk Management in Agriculture
Bangladesh is placed in South Asia, surrounded by India in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east and west, while Myanmar surrounds it to the south. Bangladesh is the eighth-most populated country in the world. The country is separated into seven administrative divisions, which are further subdivided into districts or zila. The geographical location: latitude and longitude for the country are 23.8511° N, 89.9250° E. 3. Heavy Metal Pollution and Effects 3.1. Heavy Metal Pollution of River Water The Buriganga River known as the biologically dead River located in Dhaka, the heavily polluted river in Bangladesh. Fish, water and sediment are being contaminated by industrial wastes, municipal wastes and pesticides. The most common pollution is metal pollution. The heavy metal concentrations (Pb, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd) in water and sediment were very high and in most cases, exceeded permissible limits recommended by the Bangladesh government and other international organizations. According to Ahmed et al. and Das et al. the concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fishes exceeded the recommended value. Sikder et al. [29] mentioned that the concentrations of Al and Mn surpassed the limit set by WHO and the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb found to be below the approved limit. Saha and Hossain reported that the concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn were above the EPA guideline for heavily polluted sediment and the amount of Cd and Cr are fall in the criteria of moderately to the highly polluted range. Mohiuddin et al. found the concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co and As in water were significantly exceeded the admissible limit both in the summer and winter seasons. The Buriganga River is considered partially a heavy metal polluted river and the water, sediment and fish are not fully benign for human health and the ecosystem. Ahmad and Goni found the mean concentration of Cu, Fe, and Cd in irrigation water and Cd content in soil was much higher than the permissible limit but the level of the metal was below the allowable limit in vegetables set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. The Turag River near Dhaka city is being severely polluted by industrial wastewaters and urban sewage from the Tongi municipal and industrial areas. The water of this river is pitch black and DO is 0 mg/l. The major pollution caused by heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were recorded for Pb (33.84±2.899), Cd (0.36±0.313), Cr (43.98±19.378), Cu (53.13±8.968) and Zn (53.13±8.968) mg/kg dry weight. The metal concentrations in sediments ranged between Cd: 0.00 - 0.80, Cr: 32.00 - 75.50, Cu: 46.30 - 60.00, Pb: 28.30 - 36.40, and Zn: 94.60 - 190.10 mg/kg while Cr, Cu, Zn belongs to the category of moderately to highly polluted and Pb and Cd belongs to not polluted. The amount of Mn, Fe and Cd exceeded the allowable limit set by WHO.
Science Journal of Energy Engineering 2017; 5(4): 95-108 ISSN: 2376-810X (Print); ISSN: 2376-8126 (Online)
Journal