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Genetic Divergence of Low Input Quality Organic Tomato

M Nazim Uddin
Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Garizpur-1701, Bangladesh

Ferdouse Islam
Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Garizpur-1701, Bangladesh

M Azamt Ullah
Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Garizpur-1701, Bangladesh

G M A Halim
Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Joydebpur, Garizpur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Thirty-two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes were evaluated to screen out suitable parents for the hybridization programme through multivariate analysis in the low input organic system. Genetic diversity in tomato genotypes based on 16 characters was estimated using Mahalanobis’s D²statistics. Five different clusters were formed through non-hierarchical clustering. Cluster I had the maximum number (13) of genotypes followed by cluster II and V with 7 genotypes. Cluster III and IV contained two and three genotypes, respectively. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V (14.17) and the lowest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and V (4.897). Cluster IV produced the highest mean for plant height (218.13 cm), last harvest (109), cluster III for single fruits weight (207). Cluster V produced the highest mean number of fruits per plant (70). Eight different homozygous divergent parents were selected from five different clusters using variance ranking among genotypes within the cluster.

Keywords: Vegetables, Tomato, BARI Hybrid Tomato

Location: Olericulture division, Horticulture Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

To carry out selection solely under organic environments is the only way for the plants to fully express their genetic potential.

Methodology:

Thirty-two tomato genotypes were included in this research work collected from AVRDC, Tennessee State University, USA, Olericulture Division, Joydebpur, Gazipur. The research work was carried out at the Olericulture division, Horticulture Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Joydebpur, Gazipur, during the period from September 2014 to March 2015 and September 2017 to March 2018. An Augmented Design was applied in this experiment where the genotypes were randomly allotted in each block in both years. Each replication contained 30 genotypes having 50 x 50 cm spacing. The unit plot size was 3.5 m in length and 1m breadths. Block to block distance was 50 cm. Sowing of the seeds on the tray was done at a depth of one centimeter for easy emergence. Thirty-days old healthy seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots. The 15 t / ha manure and 100 g BAOFER per pit doses were applied. Gap filling and necessary intercultural operations were done during the crop period for proper growth and development of the plants. Each plot was covered with water hyacinth in the dry month to conserve the soil moisture. The observation was recorded on 5 randomly selected plants per replication for each accession on 17 quantitative characters i.e., 50% plant flowering, 1st harvest/days, last harvest/days, plant height (cm), single fruit wt(g), no.of fruit/plant, fruit length(cm), fruit breadth (cm), fruit shape, no of locule, brix, pericarp thickness, yield/plant (g), SPAD value (by a SPAD 502, Minolta, Japan), lycopene and β carotene (by a Cr 400, Minolta, Japan). R-3.1.1 statistical program was used in all statistical analysis. The "Cluster" package (Maechler et al., 2016) from the comprehensive R archive network (CRAN) was used to calculate the clustering pattern according to Mahalanobis D2statistics. Character contribution towards genetic divergence was calculated using "Biotools" package from CRAN. Genotype by trait biplot was constructed using the “GGEBiplotGUI” package from CRAN.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report-2017-2017, Olericulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This study has revealed the existence of considerable genetic variation among the tested tomato genotypes that indicates the presence of excellent opportunity to bring about improvement. Rank distribution of genotypes within cluster based on variance has indicated eight promising parents from five clusters which can be used for 6X6 diallel analysis. As yield/plant is the most desirable trait for high yielding variety production, therefore, genotype 25 is by far the best parent among the 32 genotypes for future hybridization programme.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings