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Assessment of Water Quality Scenario of Karnaphuli River in Terms of Water Quality Index, South-eastern Bangladesh

M A Hossen*
Center for Environmental Science & Engineering Research, Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, Bangladesh

F Rafiq
Department of Civil Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh

M A Kabir
Department of Civil Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh

M G Morshed
Department of Civil Engineering, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

River plays an important role to agribusiness, industry, and the necessities of people and natural life. A great many individuals rely upon the river water for irrigation and fish cultivation. Karnaphuli River is the largest and major watercourse of the Chattogram region, Bangladesh. But day by day the river is losing its quality due to several anthropogenic reasons. Several studies have been done considering water quality and sediment quality of Karnaphuli River. But no research conducted specially on the basis of WQI. The main objective of this study is to assess the water quality of Karnaphuli River from Kalurghat to Patenga in terms of water quality index (WQI). For the determination of WQI, the weighted arithmetic method is used in this study. The water quality of River Karnaphuli was monitored for a period of 8 Months (January - August, 2018). After the completion of collection process, the water samples were assessed by analyzing the various physico-chemical parameters, such as pH, EC, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride, nitrate and phosphate. The WQI reveals that the water quality of Karnaphuli river water from Sha- Amanat Bridge to Karnaphuli Halda estuary can be used for irrigation and fish cultivation purpose and from Sandwip channel to Chaktai Khal confluence point proper treatment required before use.

Keywords: karnaphuli river, Physico-chemical parameters, Water quality index, Weighted arithmetic method

Location: Karnaphuli River, Chattogram region, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2018

End Date: 00-08-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

The main objective of this study is to assess the water quality of Karnaphuli River from Kalurghat to Patenga in terms of water quality index (WQI). For the determination of WQI, the weighted arithmetic method is used in this study.

Methodology:

To obtain the required information to investigate the water quality of the Karnaphuli River, water was sampled twice a month in five stations. To ensure the best results, it is important to properly collect the samples. In this study the water samples were collected manually from around 0.5 meter depth of water surface. Stations were selected based on accessibility and pollution sources along the Karnaphuli River and one of its tributary. The field work was conducted during the period Jan 2018 to August 2018. The samples were collected by 1-liter capacity plastic bottle. Bottles were filled with water samples at every site in during Tide and Ebb. After collection of samples these bottles were labeled and possible efforts were made to transport them to the laboratory as earlier as possible. DO, BOD, COD determination started within 6 hours in the departmental laboratory of Southern University Bangladesh (SUB). The concentration of Phosphate and Nitrate was tested in the laboratory of Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE). After getting the result of all selected water quality parameters, the water quality index (WQI), is calculated by using Weighted Arithmetic water quality index method. One of the main advantages of this method is particular use of water simplifies with less comparison as a smaller number of parameters required.

Source of Information: American Journal of Water Resources, 2019, Vol. 7, No. 3, 106-110

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:10.12691/ajwr-7-3-3

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

i. The results of this study show that according to water quality index standards, the quality of the Karnaphuli River observed to vary between Unsuitable for drinking and fish culture and very poor. However, pollution did increase from upstream to downstream.ii. By conducting analyses and investigating the results, it can be concluded that with wastewater from industrial activities, port, construction activities, and waste and oil disposal from stagnant ship, the Karnaphuli River’s water quality has declined.iii. It is recommended that stringent pollution control activity shall be undertaken immediately to improve the WQI.

Knowledge Management: Journal