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S Arofi
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706

MM Rahman
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706

HK Shiragi
Soil Resource Development Institute, Dhaka 1215

MA Alam
Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706

MM Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706

JC Biswas
Krishi Gobeshona Foundation, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh

Soil aggregate is one of the vital indicators of soil health that depends on organic carbon (OC), texture and basic cations. A total of 206 soil samples were collected from 12 agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh to study the effects of organic carbon (OC), basic cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and different sized soil particles on soil aggregate stability. Soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, pH, OC, texture, basic cations and water stable soil aggregates (WSA) following standard protocols. Data revealed that OC positively increased WSA, while monovalent basic cations Na+ and K+ showed negative effects. Water stable soil aggregates and C stock of 0.25 mm sized soil fraction were found higher than that of larger sized soil fractions of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mm. The roles of divalent basic cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ on WSA were found to be indistinct and need to be studied further.

 

  Soil aggregates, Carbon stock, Soil fraction, Soil health
  Soil Science Department, BSMRAU, Gazipur
  00-11-2017
  00-12-2018
  Crop-Soil-Water Management
  Soil Health

To evaluate the effects of organic C, basic cations and different sized soil particles on the stability of soil aggregates in different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh.

The study was conducted using soil samples collected from 12 agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh viz., Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ 1), Tista Meander Floodplain (AEZ 3), Karatoya- Bangali Floodplain (AEZ 4), Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ 13), Old Meghna Estuarine Floodplain (AEZ 19), Northern and Eastern Piedmont Plain (AEZ 22), Chittagong Coastal Plain (AEZ 23), Level Barind Tract (AEZ 25), North-eastern Barind Tract (AEZ 27), Madhupur Tract (AEZ 28), Northern and Eastern Hills (AEZ 29) and Akhaura Terrace (AEZ 30). The numbers of collected soil samples of the mentioned AEZs were 10, 10, 12, 20, 7, 14, 15, 12, 10, 73, 16 and 7, respectively with a total of 206 soil samples. Soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected from arable land during November to December in both 2017 and 2018 after harvesting of transplanted aman rice using core samplers to determine soil bulk density. A bulk sample from each sampling point was also collected to analyze other soil parameters. The soil samples were air dried, ground and sieved (2mm) and analyzed in the Laboratory of Soil Science Department, BSMRAU, Gazipur. The soil samples were analyzed for bulk density, texture, pH, organic C, Na, K, Ca, Mg and water stable soil aggregates. For aggregates, soil was sieved by four different sized sieves (2, 1, 0.5 and 0.25 mm) and water stable soil aggregates were determined by the wet sieving method. To determine aggregates, 10 g air dried soil sample was taken in 50 ml conical flask and the sample was kept overnight under water. The soaked soil samples were then transferred to sieves of respective sizes. Sieves with soil were taken to agitation rack placed under water in plastic box containing 15 L water and agitated 20 times per 40 seconds. Then sieves were kept in oven at 105 °C for 2 hours. After complete drying, weight of sieves with soil was recorded and again agitated in NaOH solution (1.6 g/L). Again sieves were dried in oven and weight of dried sample with sieve was recorded as mentioned above. Empty sieve weight was also recorded and calculation was done following (Castellanos-Navarrete et al., 2013). Soil texture was determined by the Bouyoucos hydrometer method as described by Gee and Baunder (1986). The collected core samples were oven dried at 105°C for 24 hours and bulk density was calculated (Rowell, 1994). Soil pH was measured by a glass electrode pH meter (Horiba model No. M-8L) using a soil: water ratio of 1:2.5 (Jackson, 1973). The basic cations (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) were determined by the ammonium acetate extraction method (Thomas, 1982) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and reading was taken at a 285.2 nm wavelength. Organic C was determined by the wet oxidation method (Walkley and Black, 1934). Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), monovalent cation adsorption ratio (MCAR) and cations ratio of soil structural stability (CROSS) were determined using procedures proposed by Rengasamy and Marchuk (2011). Soil C stock was calculated using the following equation (Rahman et al., 2016). Soil C stock (t ha-1) = Soil C % × soil bulk density (g/cc) × depth of soil (cm) The data collected on different parameters were subjected to statistical analysis (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). The Microsoft  Excel  and SPSS 20 software programs were used wherever appropriate to perform statistical analysis. Relationships among the parameters were established through correlation and regression analysis. Mean differences among the treatments were interpreted by using the least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% level of significance.

  Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 27-36
  DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/aba.v23i2.50053
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

Soil organic C content was found to have positive and monovalent basic cations have negative effects on aggregate stability of soil, while divalent basic cations played indistinct roles which need to be studied further. Aggregate stability and C stock in the 0.25 mm sized soil fraction were higher than those in larger sized soil fractions.

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