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Selenium Content of Rice, Mixed Plant Foods and Fish from Bangladesh

JULIAN E. SPALLHOLZ
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409

L. MALLORY BOYLAN
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409

M. MAHMUBUBUR RAHMAN
University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000,Bangladesh

DANIEL KATZ
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409

J. DAVID ROBERTSON
Department of Chemistry and the Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211

A. B. M. ZAKARIA
Exonics Technology Center, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh

A. H. KHAN
University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000,Bangladesh

M. ALAUDDIN
Wagner College, Staten Island, New York, 10301

M. BHATTACHARJEE
Exonics Technology Center, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh

S. SULTANA
Exonics Technology Center, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh

S. KHANAM
Exonics Technology Center, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh

Z. CHOUCAIR
Wagner College, Staten Island, New York, 10301

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Selenium (Se), an essential trace mineral, is obtained by individuals from foods ingested and is necessary for 25 human proteins including the antioxidant family of glutathione peroxidases. Since plants are not known to require Se for growth, the quantity of this mineral in plant foods depends on the soluble Se in soils that are passively accumulated by plants. As all animals require Se, it is usually stored more uniformly and to a greater degree in animal than plant protein foods. Owing to the alluvial origin, high rainfall and flooding upon the soils of Bangladesh these soils appear to be low in measured soluble Se. These low levels of soluble Se in Bangladeshi soils reflect the low levels of Se in plant foods, rice and vegetables, staples of the rural and poor Bangladeshi diet. This study reports on the dry-weight content of Se found in samples of rice, other plant foods and fish from Bangladesh. Rice grain averaged 0.105mg Seg1 from Jessore and 0.212mg Seg1 from 5 other districts of Bangladesh. Gourds and potatoes from Jessore averaged 0.471 and 0.181mgSeg1respectively.All other district plant foods averaged 0.26mgSeg1. All 7 different but unidentified species of fish sampled in Jessore and quantitated fluorimetrically averaged 1.318mg Seg1. Fish was the single highest food source of dietary Se per unit dry weight. Fish in particular, but also other animal foods, are likely to serve as better dietary sources of Se for the people of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Selenium, Arsenic, Diet, Rice, Fish, Bangladesh

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

Data presented here for Se content of foods is the initial effort to gain some quantitative information on this mineral consumed by people from local foods in Bangladesh, includingdistricts where arsenicosis occurred.

Methodology:

Samples of rice, dried plant foods, and dried fish from local markets in rural areas of Bangladesh, where arsenicosis is often prominent among the people, were obtained and analyzed for Seat Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, by fluorimetry, Exonics Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh by Cathode Stripping Square Wave Voltammetry (CSSWV) and/or by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy (HG-AFS)and at the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA). Fluorimetry Rice and other food samples analyzed at Texas Tech University originated from the same district, Jessore, as the human hair samples from Bangladesh in which As and Se content were reported in a previous study. All plant samples, except rice, were ground in a mortar and pestle, and three samples of approximately 300 mg each were placed into separate test tubes with a screw cap which had been machine washed and rinsed with distilled water. Fish samples were treated in a similar manner, except that each sample analyzed for Se was approximately 400 mg. Approximately 300 mg of dry rice was weighed and added directly to a test tube. To each test tube, standard, blank, and sample, two to three acid-washed and distilled water rinsed glass boiling beads and 3–4 mL of a perchloric/sulfuric acid digestion mixture were added. The samples were then digested in a perchloric acid hood over a Fisher burner, with rapid shaking until clear. Se analysis was completed using the diaminonaphthalene microfluorimetric assay as described by Spallholzet al. Sodium selenite (Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, MO) was weighed to make up a1000mgSemL1standard in 100 mL. Dilutions from this stock solution were made to provide in triplicate, Se solutions of none, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 ng Se mL1in 10 mL. Seas complexed with diaminonaphthalene (Sigma Chemical Co, St. Louis, MO) in the standard solutions and in the digested plant/rice/fish samples. The Se-complex was extracted in spectrophotometric grade cyclohexane (Fisher Chemical Co.) and quantitated using a Perkin-Elmer Model 650-40 Spectrofluorimeter to which was attached a Model 150UV Xeon Power Supply. Excitation was at 363 nm, and samples were quantitated at the emission wavelength of 525 nm. The standard set of Se compounds made from sodium selenite gave a linear fluorimetric response over 5-point ranges, 0 to 1000 ng Se, with a Pearson's Correlation Coefficient of r²<0.998. The lower and upper confidence intervals(rho) for the standard set were 0.95 and 0.99, respectively.

Source of Information: Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2007, 1–10, iFirst

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Data suggest that for a rural Bangladeshi family a higher dietary consumption of Se contained in fish might be a partial antidote for arsenicosis when As-free water is not available. Dietary Se supplements may be warranted for those people unable to acquire minimally adequate mineral,- 40 or more µg Se per day from fish and other sources of animal protein to help prevent arsenicosis.

Knowledge Management: Journal