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Effects of Rice Hull, Rice Straw and Saw Dust Application on the Primary Nutrients of Rice Plants Grown Under Variable Moisture Conditions in a Saline Soil

Suma Akter
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Md. Harunor Rashid Khan
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Mohammed Sadid Hossain
Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted at Kuakata of Patuakhali to evaluate the impacts of indigenous organic amendments such as rice hull, rice straw and sawdust alone and in combination under variable moisture conditions (moist and saturated) on the primary nutrients (N, P and K) of BRRI dhan64 grown in coastal saline soil. The individual application of rice hull, rice straw and sawdust at the rate of 0, 4 and 8 t/ha and their combined effects were found to be significant (p ≤ 0.05) for N content in the rice plants. Effects of the treatments on phosphorus content alone and in combination were slightly additive but not significant. The maximum P content in the plant tissues was determined at the saturated conditions with the increased rate of the treatments (T₂₇ = RH₈RS₈SD₈), while the lowest content of P was recorded in control (T₁ = RH₀ RS₀ SD₀). The K content in plant tissues increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with the increased rate of application of rice hull, rice straw and sawdust. The higher K contents were found under saturated conditions of the soil. Under the moist condition of the soil, the highest contents of N, P and K were 21.3, 1.45 and 15.67 g/kg, respectively and under saturated condition, the highest contents of N, P and K were 23.4, 1.78 and 15.87 g/kg by the combined application of rice hull, rice straw and sawdust, respectively at the rate of 8 t/ha, suggested that the primary nutrition of rice had better response under saturated moisture condition in saline soil, which received rice hull, rice straw and sawdust.

Keywords: Effects, Indigenous, Rice hull, Rice straw, Saw dust, Primary nutrition, BRRI dhan64, Saline soil

Location: Musulliabad (Lata Chapli), Kalapara, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2016

End Date: 00-06-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Soil salinity, Nutrient solution

Objectives:

To evaluate the effects of rice hull, rice straw, saw dust under variable moisture conditions on the primary nutrients of rice plant grown in a coastal saline soil.

Methodology:

A field study was conducted with a T. Boro rice cultivar (BRRI dhan64) at Musulliabad (Lata Chapli), Kalapara, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during January to June, 2016. The soil used for this experiment was analyzed for several physico-chemical characteristics following standard methods. The bulk soil samples were air-dried and crushed to 2 mm before analysis. After treatment with 1 M CH₃COONH₄ (pH 5.0) and with 30% H₂O₂ to remove free salts and organic matter, respectively particle size distribution of the initial soil was determined by the Hydrometer method (Piper 1966). Soil pH was measured for the air-dried soil in soil-water ratio of 1: 2.5 using a Corning pH meter Model-7 as described by Jackson (1973). The electrical conductivity of soil solution was determined from saturation extract according to USSLS (1954). Organic matter content was determined (Nelson and Sommers 1982) by wet combustion with K₂Cr₂O₇. Available N (1 N KCl extraction), (Jackson 1973), available P (0.5 M NaHCO₃, pH 8.5 extraction, (Olsen et al. 1954) and available K (1 M CH₃COONH₄, pH 7.0 extraction) (Pratt 1965) were determined. Cation exchange capacity was determined by saturation with 1 M CH₃COONH₄ (pH 7.0), ethanol washing, NH₄ ⁺displacement with acidified 10% NaCl, and subsequent analysis by steam (Kjeldhal method) distillation (Black 1965). Exchangeable Na⁺ , K⁺ , Ca²+ and Mg²⁺ were extracted with 1 M CH₃COONH₄ (pH 7.0) and determined by flame photometry (Na⁺, K⁺ ) (Black 1965) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) (Hesse 1971). For saturation extract of soil, water-soluble SO₄ ^2- and Cl- (Jackson 1973), HCO₃ ^- and CO₃ ^2- (USSLS 1954) contents were determined. Indigenous organic amendments, viz. rice hull (RH), rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) were used for the reclamation and improvement of crop production and nutritional balance in saline soil. The experiment was conducted following 3 factorial designs with the application of RH × RS × SD at the rate of 0, 4 and 8 t/ha having 3 replications under 2 moisture (moist and saturated) conditions in the field. Basal doses of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were applied at the rate of 120, 60 and 80 kg/ha from urea, TSP and MoP fertilizers, respectively. The whole TSP, MoP and half of the urea were applied during soil preparation by thorough mixing of fertilizers with the soils. The remaining urea was top-dressed in two splits, one at active tillering and another at the panicle initiation stage of rice. Seedlings were collected from the local experienced farmers. Thirty-day-old seedlings of BRRI dhan64 were transplanted at the rate of 3 seedlings per hill. The hill to hill and row to row distances were 18 and 22 cm, respectively. For the proper establishment of the rice seedlings, all plots in the field were irrigated with pond water for two weeks after transplantation and then the moisture levels were controlled. In the case of the moist conditions, 80% water content was maintained, i.e. not allowed standing water. But in the case of the saturated condition, more than 100% water, i.e. 3 - 5 cm standing water was maintained throughout the growing period. Intercultural operations were performed as required. Plant samples were collected after harvesting the crop at maturity. The plants per plot were cut at the (1 cm above) ground level and total N, P and K in rice straw (Jackson 1973) were determined. The significance of different treatments alone and in combination in relation to the control was determined by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 30(1&2): 11-21, 2017 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present experimental findings suggest that the application of these kinds of organic amendments, viz. rice hull, rice straw and sawdust were found to be increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition of rice cultivated under saline soil. Among the three kinds of amendments, regardless of their dosages (4, 8 t/ha), rice straw exerted the best response followed by sawdust and rice hull in increasing nitrogen content of rice plants grown at the moist condition of the soil. These effects of the amendments were more pronounced under saturated soil conditions. The maximum phosphorus content in the rice plant tissues was determined at the saturated condition of the soil with the increased rate of treatments. The combination of the higher dosage (8 t/ha) of rice hull, rice straw and sawdust at saturated condition attained the best performance among the treatments, which reveals that the interactions of these organic amendments are effectively synergistic in order to boost up the rice production under saturated saline soil environment. However, further research is needed.

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