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Antibiogram Study of Bacterial Pathogen from Tilapia Fish in Bangladesh

Sume Begum
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Md. Salauddin
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Md. Khaled Hossain
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Mst. Deloara Begum
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bacterial pathogens are isolated, identified and antibiogram was performed by taking the skin, gills and intestine of twenty randomly selected Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) that collected from the local market of the Dinajpur city, Bangladesh. Aserial dilution was prepared with the stated sample and at the amount of 0.1 ml was plated on nutrient agar, differential also specific media respectively. Then gram’s staining, colony morphology, biochemical test and antibiogram performed respectively. The four different isolated species with the frequency of occurrence are 31(40.26%) Escherichia coli, 3 (29.87%) Staphylococcus spp., 13 (16.88%) Pseudomonas spp.,10 (12.99%) Salmonella spp. respectively. Some of these pathogens have a tendency to transmit to man, who eat fish or deal with fish and fish products. Amoxicillin, Cefixime, Azithromycin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin G, Erythromycin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin and Neomycin antibiotics were performed during the sensitivity test. Among the total (77) isolated bacteria were sensitive to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin but resistant to Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Vancomycin and Erythromycin. The study was conducted in terms of medical importance. Hence it is considered that a variety of bacterial species can be associated with fresh Tilapia fish-related pathogen to humans.

Keywords: Bacteria, Fish sample, Antibiogram, Oreochromis niloticus, Public health awareness

Location: Dinajpur city, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Tilapia

Objectives:

The study was designed i) To isolate and identify the bacterial pathogens from Tilapia fish samples collected from the local fish market of Dinajpur city and ii) To detect the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of identified isolates.

Methodology:

Collection of Fish Samples: A total number of 60 samples [gill (20), skin (20) and intestine (20)] of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fishes of different sizes 200 g, 300 g and length 17 cm, 23 cm were collected aseptically for the isolation and identification of bacteria.Gills: One to 2 cm2pieces of gills from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fishes were cut with sterile scissors and taken by sterile forceps for inoculation onto the appropriate culture medium.Intestines: One to 2 cm proximal segments of intestines from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fishes were cut with a sterile scissor and taken by sterile forceps for inoculation onto an appropriate culture medium. Skin: Skin sample collected from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fishes with the help of cotton swab for inoculation onto appropriate culture medium. Preparation of Culture Media The entire study is divided into two steps. The first step includes the isolation of bacteria from the collected Tilapia fish samples. The identification was made according to their cultural, staining morphological biochemical properties. The second step is the study of the antibacterial sensitivity pattern of the isolated bacteria. Sample Collection and Sample Processing: Tilapia fish samples (60) from the local fish market of Dinajpur city (Bahadur bazaar, Railgate bazaar and Gopalgong bazaar) were collected aseptically and brought to the bacteriology laboratory, Department of Microbiology, HSTU, Dinajpur with necessary precautions for bacteriological examination. At first, Samples were rinsed thoroughly with sterile distilled water. Then tilapia fish (gill, skin and intestine) samples were homogenized through blending with 90 ml peptone water (Cappuccino and Sherman, 1996). Then 1-10 fold dilutions were performed. solation and Identification of BacteriaProcessed samples are primarily cultured in both nutrient agar and nutrient broth at 37°C for 24 hours. Simultaneously bacteria inoculated as Sub-culture on Eosin Methyl Blue agar (EMB), Salmonella Shigella agar (SS), Mannitol salt agar (MSA) and Cetrimideagar media at 37°C for 24 hours. Microscopically observed bacterial morphology after 24 hours of every sub-culture. Biochemical characterization of isolates by using Indole, Citrate utilization test, TSI, MR-VP and MIU. Incubate at 37°C for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After that, spreading of pure bacterial culture colony onto Mueller Hinton agar at 37°C for 24 hours and placed on its antibiotic disc to determine the sensitivity and susceptibility of isolates against the antibiotic disc by Disc-diffusion method. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test Susceptibility of isolates of Escherichia coli, salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.To different antimicrobial agents was performed to determine the drug sensitivity pattern and to interpret their disease potential. This method allows for the rapid determination of the efficacy of a drug by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition that results from the diffusion of the agent into the medium through the disc.

Source of Information: Turkish Journal of Agriculture -Food Science and Technology, 7(4): 658-664, 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i4.658-664.2315

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Isolates are also common human bacterial pathogens. The fish act as a reservoir of human pathogens and the presence of highly pathogenic agents such as Salmonella species cause a health hazard. Opportunistic pathogens are a potential health risk/hazard to human beings and may cause diseases to susceptible individuals especially the immune-compromised consumers potentially pathogenic to humans, in the fish suggest that if they are improperly handled, undercooked, or consumed raw may contribute to the spread of the pathogens in the community. The study of antibiogram revealed that most of the pathogens were found to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Most of the isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Vancomycin and Erythromycin. Aserious health hazards because of ineffective treatment of the sufferers by the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Conclusively, this research has brought to light those bacterial species associated with fresh Tilapia fish and has shown that they are potentially pathogenic to humans.

Knowledge Management: Journal