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Seasonal Dynamics of Heavy Metals in Commercially Important Marine Fish from the Bay of Bengal Coast of Bangladesh

Md. Sirajul Islam*
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Md. Hasan Imran
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Md. Humayun Kabir
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Md. Masud-Un-Noby
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Md. Enamul Hoq
Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Freshwater Station, Mymensingh-2201, Bangladesh

Sunzida Haque Rimu
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Md. Safiur Rahman
Institute of Nuclear Science &Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to know the seasonal dynamics of heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg) concentrations in marine fish from the Bay of Bengal coast of Bangladesh in pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The fish samples of various species viz. Churi (Trichiurus lepturus), Loittya (Harpadon nehereus), Ilish(Tenualosa ilisha) in St-1; Churi, Loittya, Ilish, Surma (Euthynnus affinis) in St-2; and Poa (Otolithoides pama), Loittya, Ilishin St-3were collected seasonally from fish landing stations during December 2017 to November 2018. The samples were analyzed by using UNICAM-929 atomic absorption spectrophotometer following AOAC (2012) in the Food Laboratory of the SGS Bangladesh Limited., Dhaka. The results showed that among the metals, only Zn was detected in every station over the seasons. Overall metal accumulation, Zn content found more followed by Cu and Cr, whereas Cd, Pb and Hg were below the lower limit of detection in all the collected fish samples. Therefore, the study concluded that the fish are safe for human consumption as well as for public health and food safety measures ensured by common marine fish of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Heavy metals, Marine fish, Seasonal dynamics, Bay of Bengal coast, Bangladesh

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Heavy metal, Fish

Objectives:

The objectives of the research were: (i) to investigate the seasonal variation of heavy metal concentration (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg) in different marine fish species in three seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon) collected from Chattogram, Cox's Bazar and Barguna coastal region; and (ii) to compare the results with the available national and international standard and previous studies.

Methodology:

Study area: The study was conducted in three coastal districts of Bangladesh during December 2017 to November 2018 . The fish samples were collected from three different sampling stations viz. Banshkhali Fish Landing Station, Chattogram: St-1; Sadar Fish Landing Station, Cox’s Bazar: St-2; and Pathorghata Fish Landing Station, Barguna: St-3. These are the largest fish landing station in Bangladesh. Marine fish were brought to the landing stations from the different fishing zone of the Bay of Bengal. Fishermen go too the deep sea where valuable fish are available and when the Bay of Bengal is calm and quiet. They caught and stored fish in their trawlers with ice and back to the landing stations after 15 to 20 days for sale. The geographical location of these stations are: St-1 at22°19'39.43"N latitude and 91°50'49.49"E longitude;St-2 at 21⁰26′16.4′′N latitude and 92⁰01′47.7′′E longitude; and St-3 at 22°03'4.65"N latitude and 89°58'24.13"E longitude. Sample collection: Thecommon five marine fish species were collected during pre-monsoon (February to May), monsoon (June to September) and post-monsoon (October to January) seasons, respectively to investigate six heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg) dynamics. The fish samples were as Churi (Trichiurus lepturus), Loittya (Harpadon nehereus) and Ilish(Tenualosa ilisha) from St-1; Churi, Loittya, Ilishand Surma (Euthynnus affinis) from St-2; and Poa (Otolithoides pama), LoittyaandIlishfrom St-3. Five fish of each species were collected from fish landing stations in the morning from Chattogram, Cox’s Bazar and Pathorghata (Barguna). The average weight of each fish sample was 200 g. The samples were then brought to the laboratory with icebox, kept in a deep freezer for preservation and to avoid further contamination until analysis. The marine fish samples are divided into two categories such as demersal and pelagic (Table 1). Demersal fish are found in the seafloor consisting of mud, sand, gravel, or rocks on the continental shelf, the outer continental margin on the continental slope and the continental rise. Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of the ocean surface neither close to the bottom nor near the shore in contrast with demersal fish that do live on or near the bottom. As a result, pelagic fish must search larger volumes than demersal fish(Lal and Fortune, 2000). Sample analysis: To know the level of metal (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg) concentrations, samples were analyzed by using UNICAM-929 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) following AOAC (2012) 19th edition by ICP-OES in the Food Laboratory of the SGS Bangladesh Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Before analysis, a bit of muscle, the whole liver and two-gill arches from each fish were removed. Samples of tissues from each fish were weighed and dried. A microwave digestion system (CEM MDS-2000) was used to prepare the samples for analysis. The advantage of microwave digestion against the classical method is the shorter time, less consumption of acid and keeping volatile compounds in the solution (Krushevska, Barnes and Amarasiriwaradena, 1993; Gulmini, Ostacoli and Zelano, 1994). After digestion, the residues diluted to 25 ml with 2.5% of HNO3. Instrument calibrated standard solutions were prepared from commercial materials. The water used was deionized and distilled. Statistical analysis: The collected data were compiled and tabulated in proper form and were subjected to statistical analysis. The Microsoft Office Excel software was used to present and interpret the collected data. The results of the study were presented in graphs and tabular forms.

Source of Information: Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, Vol.3, No.2(2020), pp.1-15ISSN: 2581-6853

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.03021

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The result of the study concluded that only Zn was detected over the three seasons in all stations. The Cu was detected only in the post-monsoon season at St-2, whereas it was detected in all seasons at St-3. However, Cr was detected only at St-3in all seasons. Other heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Hg) were not found in the laboratory investigation. Detected heavy metals in fish were within the acceptable limit as well as safe for human consumption. It could be due to the collection of fish from the deep sea where it was calm and far from industrial activities. The study contributes significant addition to the existing knowledge of science regarding heavy metals contamination in marine fish in Bangladesh for safe consumption.

Knowledge Management: Journal