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Studies on Toxic Elements Accumulation in Shrimp from Fish Feed Used in Bangladesh

B. Q. Shamshad*
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

R.K. Shahidur
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

R.C. Tasrena
Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This article focuses on the trace element content of fish feed and shrimp sampled from aquaculture ponds in Bangladesh which were determined using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS), Cold Vapour-Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (CV-AAS) and the Hydride Generation-Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (HG-AAS). Analytical methods combining closed digestion, followed by determination with HG-AAS, CV-AAS and FAAS was developed for study of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury concentration at very low levels in fish feed. The method has detection limits of 0.1 μg/g, 0.1 μg/g, 0.1μg/g, and 0.03 μg/g for As, Cd, Pb and Hg respectively. Oyster tissue and lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2) reference standards were used in trace element recovery and method validations. The range of elemental concentrations (mg/kg diet, dry wt.) of fish feed were: As 0.14-0.91, Cd <0.1-2.1, Pb <0.1-8.57 and Hg was found to be below the detection limit (<0.03). The results show that the elemental concentrations (mg/kg wet wt.) of arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead and chromium in shrimp from aquaculture sources were below the detection limit and were low compared with maximum limits for contaminants in shrimp set by the EU.

Keywords: AAS, Toxic metals, Fish feed, Shrimp, Contamination, Food safety.

Location: In Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Shrimp

Objectives:

The specific aim of this study was to assess the concentration of toxic metals in fish feed and associated food safety risks of Pb, Cd, As and Hg in fish which are fed with enriched toxic metal content. The article also describes the establishment of a method to determine toxic metals in fish feed and shrimp samples by AAS.

Methodology:

Twelve samples of shrimp and twelve samples of feed were collected from different aquaculture sites in Bangladesh. One kilogram of each fish sample was collected and the head was removed from the flesh with a stainless steel knife. The samples were washed with deionized water and excess water removed with tissue paper and then each aliquot was air-dried for 2 hours. 500 gm of shrimp sample was ground in a kitchen blender until a smooth mass was obtained while the feed was dried at 105°C in an oven and then ground with an agate mortar. A portion of 1.0g of ground sample was transferred directly to the flasks of the microwave oven (CEM MARS 5) and 6 ml of supra pure nitric acid was added. The heating program employed was the one proposed in the user’s manual. The following three steps temperature program was applied: 180°C with a ramping time of 10 min; holding time 15 min, and cooling time 10 min. For quality control, analytical blanks and certified reference materials were included namely, oyster tissue and TORT-2 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology and National Research Council Canada, respectively. Recovery was within 10% of the certified values. In shrimp digested samples, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentration were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Varian, Duo AA 240FS), in Flame- (FAAS), Cold Vapor-(CV-AAS) and Hydride Generation-Atomic Absorption Spectrometric mode (HG-AAS). The limit of quantification was determined as ten times the standard deviation of twenty replicate analyses of the calibration blank. High purity deionized water (18 M cm-1) obtained with a Bransted Water purification plant (Bransted series 1090 ), Suprapure nitric acid (Merck, Germany), Sodium borohydride (Acros Organics, USA), Potassium Iodide (Merck, Germany), Hydrochloric acid (Merck, Germany), was used throughout the work. The working standard solution was prepared by diluting a stock solution containing 1000 mg L-1 of single element AAS grade standard with ultra-pure water.

Source of Information: As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 2009, 2(04), 440-444

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mercury and cadmium concentration were generally low and for most of the feed and shrimp samples were below detection limits. Though the maximum concentration in feed was 8.57 and 0.909 mg/kg for lead and arsenic respectively, the levels of these two metals were below detection limits in the most analyzed shrimp samples. These results indicate that the consumption of shrimp which are produced in aquaculture farms seems not to constitute a food safety problem with respect to As, Pb, Cd, and Hg.

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