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Evaluation of Some Fungicides in Controlling Blast of Rice Var. Kalijira in Mymensingh

Rajia Sultana
Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Fatema-Tuz-Zohura
Department of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalgonj-8100, Bangladesh

Md. Atikur Rahman
Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Ahmed Khairul Hasan
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

M Bahadur Miah
Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Muhammed Ali Hossain
Plant Microbe Interaction Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Bioassay of sixteen chemical fungicide(s) was done against Pyricularia oryzae in in vitro following poisoned food technique in the Plant Microbe Interaction Lab (PMIL), Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202. Total inhibition (100%) of mycelial growth of Pyricularia oryzae was obtained by Tebuconazol 50% + Trifloxistrobin 25% (Nativo 75WG), Trifloxistrobin 25% + Tebuconazol 50% (Blastin), Carbendazim 50% (Autostin 50 WDG), Tebuconazol 25% (Folicur EW 250), Hexaconazol 50% (Contaf 5EC), Mancozeb 80% (Indofil M 45), Zineb 68% + Hexaconazole l4% (Awal 72 WP) and Propiconazol (Proven) containing fungicides at the lowest (0.0125%) concentration. Based on in vitro performance and their availability to the farmers, five fungicides (Nativo 75WG, Autostin 50 WDG, Folicur EW 250, Contaf 5EC and Companion) were selected and sprayed in the field onto the foliage of rice plants in two different concentrations (0.1% and 0.2%) to evaluate the efficacy in reducing rice blast incidence and severity and increasing some yield contributing parameters. Among the fungicides used, two times spray (at 45 DAT and 52 DAT) of Nativo 75 WG @ 0.2% concentration showed the best performance in reducing blast incidence (4.31% and 0.00% for leaf and neck blast respectively) and severity (12.4% and 12.6% at 52 and 59 DAT respectively) as well as increasing the yield parameters followed by Autostin 50 WDG @ 0.2% concentration. It is therefore summarized that two times application of Nativo 75 WG or Autostin 50 WDG @ 2g/L of water starting from the late tillering stage will be effective for the control blast disease in field conditions.

Keywords: Rice blast, Fungicide, Kalijira, Effective dose

Location: The Plant-Microbe Interaction Laboratory (PMIL), Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice, Fungicide

Objectives:

To Identify and Evaluation of Some Fungicides in Controlling Blast of Rice var. Kalijira in Mymensingh

Methodology:

Two phased experiments named laboratory and field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some selected fungicides and their effective doses on controlling rice blast disease incited by Pyricularia oryzae in the Plant-Microbe Interaction Laboratory (PMIL), Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Laboratory experiment: The stock culture of an aggressive isolate BD 576 of P. Oryzae was collected from Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Then the number of pure cultures of P. oryzae isolate BD 576 was developed by inoculating the Oat Meal Agar (OMA) plates with the stock culture of BD 576 isolate and the petridishes were incubated in an incubator (model: FOC-215i, VELF Scientifica, Italy) chamber at 25⁰C to provide the conditions for the pathogen to grow up to 10 days. Again, the approximately standard amount of fungal materials was transferred from 10 days old culture to the center of fresh PDA plates employing a sterilized block cutter for culture and allow them to grow for 10 days at 25°C temperature in an incubator. Sequential culturing from fungal stock was done 3-5 times to get a pure culture that was used for screening of some selected fungicide against P. oryzae. Sixteen different fungicides with four different concentrations of each were used in the in vitro inhibition test. OMA plates supplemented with different fungicides were inoculated with a pure culture of P. oryzae. After 10 days, the radial mycelial growth of Pyricularia oryzae was recorded by measuring the average of two diameters. The growth inhibition percentage was calculated by using the following formula (Al-Burtamani et al., 2005): I = {(C-T) / C} x 100. Where, I= Growth inhibition (%), C = Mean mycelial growth (radial) of the pathogen in the control plate, and T = Mean mycelial growth (radial) of the pathogen in fungicide treated plate. This in vitro experiment was performed using a completely randomized design (CRD) of three replicates for each treatment. All analyses carried out using SAS (University Edition version 3.71 basic edition) statistical package.
Field experiment: Field trials were conducted in a piece of suitable land belong to Plant Pathology Field Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experimental field was well-drained, medium high land with silty-loam textured soil. Kalijira, one of the high-yielding traditional aromatic Aman rice (monsoon rice) varieties in Bangladesh was used for this field experiment which is susceptible to blast disease. In this experiment, 36 plots were used and each of the plot sizes was 1.5m × 1.5m. The experimental field was fertilized with chemical fertilizers as per the recommended dose of the Fertilizer Recommendation Guide (BARC, 2012). After preparation of the plots, thirty (30) days old seedlings were transplanted in the well-prepared puddle field plots. Intercultural operations were done for ensuring and maintaining the normal growth and development of rice plants. Weeding was done three times and plots were irrigated when necessary. Based on in vitro result, the possibility of available fungicides to the farmers and according to some related literatures, five best-performed fungicides (Nativo 75 WG, Companion, Autostin 50 WDG, Folicur EW and Contaf 5 EC) from different chemical groups with two different field effective concentrations (0.1% & 0.2%) were used to know their effect on the disease incidence and severity of rice blast, and different yield contributing parameters of rice. Ten fungicidal treatments and one control were used in this field experiment (Table 2). In this study, fungicide solutions were sprayed in 30 plots twice starting from the late booting stage. The first spray was done at 45 days after transplanting (DAT) at the late tillering stage and the second spray was done at 55 DAT i.e. seven days after the first spray application (at heading stage) (Kabir et al., 2004). The rest of the six plots were maintained as the control for this experiment. Each of the plots was investigated for recording the incidence and severity of rice blast diseases. Affected plants from each unit plot were selected for assessing the disease incidence and severity. Data were recorded in 2-time points namely 52 DAT (7 days after the first spray) and 59 DAT (7 days after the second spray) by observing the typical blast symptoms on the leaf and neck region of the infected plant. Percent disease incidence was estimated by using the formula of Rajput and Bartaria, 1995. Disease incidence(%)= {(No.of infected plants) / (Total no.of plants)} x 100. Besides, the disease severity of naturally infected rice plants in 36 plots was assessed by a disease severity scale according to Mackill and Bonman (1992). The disease severity was also measured at 52 and 59 DAT i.e. seven days after spray application. The crop was harvested plot-wise on 15 November 2018 when 80-85% of the grains have become straw-colored. Data were collected on different yield contributing parameters namely plant height, number of total tillers per hill, number of effective tillers per hill, number of non-effective tillers per hill, number of infected panicle per hill, number of non-infected panicle per hill and weight of 1000 grains. The experiment was conducted in RCBD with three replications. The data on different parameters were statistically analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique to find out the level of significance. The treatment means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance. The collected data were analyzed using SAS (University Edition version 3.71 basic edition) statistical package.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(4): 941–948, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.136288

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This research work was conducted to find out the efficacy of some selected fungicides against rice blast disease control in vitro and field conditions. Based on the findings of the present study it may be concluded that some fungicides were more effective to inhibit Pyricularia oryzae at a very low concentration in vitro condition as it inhibited radial mycelial growth up to 100% at only 0.0125% concentrations. On the other hand, Nativo 75 WG (Trifloxistrobin 25% + Tebuconazol 50%) @ 0.2% was found most effective for controlling blast of rice (leaf and neck), as the lowest percentage of leaf blast incidence (4.31%), lowest neck blast incidence (0.00%) and the lowest leaf blast severity 11.53% & 12.00% at 52 and 59 DAT respectively were found in Nativo 75 WG (@ 0.2%) treated plots followed by Autostin 50 WDG @ 0.2%. Plots sprayed with Nativo 75 WG @ 0.2% showed the best performance for yield contributing parameters like plant height (40.73cm), the number of tiller per hill (15.33), the number of effective tiller per hill (14.40), No. of infected panicle (0.00), number of non-infected panicles (13.67) and thousand-grain weights (13.75) showed significant differences in treated and control plots followed by Autostin 50 WDG @ 0.2%. However, two times the application of Nativo 75 WG or Autostin 50 WDG @ 2g/L of water starting from just panicle initiation will be effective for the control blast disease in field conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal