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Effect of Levels of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Sesame (sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars

Md. Abdus Salam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Akhi Khatun
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Kader
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at Central Farm, Farm Management Section of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during March to June 2018 to find out the effect of levels of nitrogen on the growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The experiment comprised five cultivars of sesame viz. BARI Til-3, BARI Til-4, Binatil-1, Binatil-2, Binatil-3 and four levels of nitrogen in the form of urea viz. 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg urea ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth, yield components and yield of sesame were significantly influenced by cultivars, levels of nitrogen and their interaction. At the vegetative stage, the tallest plant and highest dry matter were observed in BARI Til-4 at 50 days after sowing (DAS) and 70 DAS, respectively. Application of 120 kg urea ha^-1 (150 % of recommended dose) produced the tallest plant and highest dry matter at 70 DAS. Interaction of cultivar and level of nitrogen did not exert any significant effect on plant height and dry matter production at different days after sowing. Plant height, number of capsule plant^-1, seeds capsule^-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield and biological yield were varied significantly with increasing urea level up to 80 kg ha^-1 whereas stover yield was increased up to 120 kg urea ha^-1 but branches plant^-1 and harvest index showed non-significant variation. From the interaction it is observed that BARI Til-4 fertilized with 80 kg urea ha^-1 gave the highest plant height (80.49 cm), the highest number of branches plant^-1 (3.20), the highest number of capsules plant^-1 (35.30), maximum seed yield (2.23 t ha^-1) and highest harvest index (18.82%). The highest stover yield (10.34 t ha^-1) was found in BARI Til-4 fertilized with 120 kg urea ha^-1. Therefore, BARI Til-4 fertilized with 80 kg urea ha^-1 was found to be promising practice in respect of growth and yield of sesame.

Keywords: Growth, Nitrogen level, Sesame cultivars, Yield

Location: The Central Farm, Farm Management Section of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-03-2018

End Date: 00-06-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sesame, Soil fertility

Objectives:

To determine the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer on the growth and yield of sesame cultivars and to select best cultivar(s) for obtaining maximum yield with optimum nitrogenous fertilizer dose.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Central Farm, Farm Management Section of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from March to June 2018. The experimental area was a medium-high land belonging to the Agro-ecological Zone (AEZ-9) comprising the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain soil (UNDP and FAO, 1988). The soil of the experiment mainly non-calcareous and the texture was sandy loam with a pH value of 6.5. Soil organic matter and fertility status are low as well as neutral in reaction. The experimental site belongs to a sub-tropical climate with high relative humidity from April to June, a hot humid monsoon season with heavy rainfall from June to October and a relatively cool and dry winter season from November to March. The experiment consisted of two factors, Factor A: Sesame cultivar (5)- BARI Til-3, BARI Til-4, Binatil-1, Binatil-2 and Binatil-3, Factor B: Level of nitrogen (4)- No nitrogenous fertilizer (control), 40 kg urea ha^-1 (50% of recommended dose), 80 kg urea ha^-1 (100% of recommended dose) and 120 kg urea ha^-1 (150% of recommended dose). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each of the replication represented a block in the experiment. Each block comprises 20 unit plots which were assigned with the combination of five cultivars and four nitrogen fertilizer treatments. Treatments were assigned randomly in the unit plots. Spaces between blocks and unit plots were 1.0 m and 0.75 m, respectively. The experimental plot was prepared by 4-5 ploughings and cross ploughings with a power tiller. Clods were broken into small pieces and leveled by a ladder.
The experimental field was fertilized with N as per treatments. The dose of TSP and MoP was 120, and 50 kg ha^-1, respectively. Sesame seeds were sown in a continuous line on 16 March 2018 in 2-3 cm deep furrows made by hand rake. After placement of seeds in-furrow, seeds were covered with soil by hand. The seed rate was 6.0 kg ha^-1. Seedling emergence started after 3 days and completed within 7 days of sowing. After seedling establishment, weeding was done manually with nirani on April 2018 at 30 days after sowing (DAS). Healthy seedlings were kept at a distance of 5 cm and excess seedlings were carefully uprooted by hand pulling. The crop was infested with leaf hopper (Orosius albicinctus) at a vegetative stage which was successfully controlled by spraying insecticide Clorothin 505EC (Clorpyriphos plus cypermethrin) at 10 ml per 10 L water. Plant height, root length and a number of branches plant^-1 were recorded from five sample plants/plots at the vegetative stage, flowering stage, reproductive stage at 30, 50 and 70 days on 16 April, 06 May and 26 May 2018, respectively. The dry weight of these samples was also recorded after oven drying. Five sample plants plot^-1 were first collected (excluding boarder row) just prior to crop harvesting, which was done on 7 June 2018. All plant materials were carried carefully to the threshing floor, to collect necessary data on yield components. For collecting data on seed and stover yields, just prior to crop harvesting central 1 m2 area was harvested, threshed and dried. Finally, seed yield and stover yield was converted to t ha^-1. Five plants were selected randomly for taking the data of yield components and data were collected on plant height, number of branches plant^-1, number of capsules plant^-1, number of seeds capsule^-1, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, stover yield and harvest index. The collected data were analyzed statistically using the “Analysis of Variance” technique with MSTATC computer package programme and mean differences were adjudged by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(4): 949–955, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.135411

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

BARI Til-4 produced the highest seed yield among the sesame cultivars used. Eighty kg urea ha^-1 produced the highest seed yield which was statistically identical to 120 kg urea ha^-1. Among the interaction, BARI Til-4 with 80 kg urea ha^-1 produced the highest seed yield ha^-1. From the results of the present study, it might be concluded that BARI Til-4 and 80 kg urea ha^-1 is the best combination for the highest yield of sesame. However, further research in this respect is necessary for other Agro-ecological zones of the country to confirm the results of the present study and to draw a definite conclusion for a recommendation.

Knowledge Management: Journal