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Performance of Wheat (triticum Aestivum L.) in Response to Different Levels of Irrigation and Nitrogen Application

Suriaya Perveen
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Abdus Salam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Romij Uddin
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Ekram ul Haque
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Balanced fertilizer management and optimum irrigation are essential for maximizing yield of wheat and at the same time excess application of water and nitrogen fertilizer is not economically efficient and can create environmental problems. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the Central Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2018 through March 2019 to determine the optimum level of irrigation and rate of nitrogen required to achieve the maximum yield of wheat. The experiment consisted of four levels of irrigation i.e., no irrigation (I0), one irrigation at Crown Root Initiation (CRI) stage (I1), two irrigations at CRI and 40 Days After Sowing (DAS) (I2) and three irrigations at CRI, 40 and 60 DAS (I3), and four rates of nitrogen i.e., no nitrogen (N0), application of 60 kg N ha^-1 (N1), application of 120 kg N ha^-1 (N2) and application of 180 kg N ha^-1 (N3). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications where irrigation level was assigned to the main plots and nitrogen level in subplots. BARI Gom28 was used as the test variety. The maximum grain yield (4.00t ha^-1) was found with three irrigations at CRI, 40 and 60 DAS. Application of 180 kg N ha^-1 gave the highest grain yield (4.54t ha^-1) which was the cumulative effect of the highest number of effective tillers hill^-1, longest spike and highest number of grains spike-1 in this treatment. Yield and yield contributing characters like effective tillers hill^-1, number of grains spike^-1, grain yield and straw yield were significantly influenced by the interaction of irrigation and nitrogen. The highest grain yield (5.22t ha^-1) was obtained in three irrigations at CRI, 40 and 60 DAS with the application of 180 kg N ha^-1 which was statistically identical to two irrigations at CRI and 40 DAS with the application 120 kg N ha^-1. In the economic analysis of this study, the highest Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) (2.41) was found from two irrigations at CRI and 40 DAS with the application of 120 kg N ha^-1 (I2N2). Therefore, the treatment combination of two irrigations at CRI and 40 DAS with the application of 120 kg N ha^-1 was effective and economic for producing a higher grain yield of wheat.

Keywords: BARI Gom28, Crown root initiation, Irrigation, Nitrogen fertilizer, Yield

Location: The Central Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2018

End Date: 00-03-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat, Irrigation scheduling, Fertilizer

Objectives:

To find out the optimum frequency of irrigation and rate of nitrogen required to achieve the maximum economic yield of wheat.

Methodology:

Experimental site: The experiment was carried out at the Central Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The site falls under the Agro-ecological Zone-9: Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (FAO and UNDP, 1988). The soil belongs to Sonatola series of the Old Brahmaputra Alluvial Tract, the parent material being river deposits and the soil type was non-calcareous with low fertility level and low organic matter content. The soil is more or less neutral (6.5) in reaction. The land type was medium-high with silt loam in texture. Climate: The experimental site enjoys the humid tropical climate characterized by an average temperature ranging from 19.22 to 24.35°C and rainfall during the month of March. The monthly meteorological data recorded in the weather yard, Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the study period are presented. Treatments and design: The experiment consists of two-factors, factor A: irrigation and factor B: Nitrogen treatment. There were four levels of irrigation i.e., no irrigation (I0), one irrigation at CRI stage (Crown Root Initiation) (I1), two irrigations at CRI and 40 DAS (I2) and three irrigations at CRI, 40 and 60 DAS (I3), and four rates of nitrogen i.e., no nitrogen (N0), application of 60 kg N ha^-1 (N1), application of 120 kg N ha^-1 (N2) and application of 180 kg N ha^-1( N3). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The irrigation treatments were assigned in the main plots and nitrogen treatments were in the sub-plots. Thus, the total number of unit plots was 48 (4×4×3). The size of each plot was 12 m2 (4.0m × 3.0m). Agronomic management: The land was prepared by 2-3 ploughing and cross ploughing by tractor-drawn plough along with removal of weeds, stubbles and crop residues and trimming ails. At final land preparation, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum were applied as 37.87, 60 and 27.78 kg ha^-1, respectively, considered as the recommended rate of fertilizer (BARC, 2012). All the fertilizers except urea were applied during final land preparation. Urea was applied as the sources of nitrogen, as per experimental treatments. BARI Gom28 was used as the test variety. Seeds were sown continuously on 28 November 2018 inline made by hand iron tine maintaining a line to line distance of 25 cm. After placement of seed in the furrow, seeds were covered with soil by hand. All the cultural practices (fertilizer application, weeding and drainage) were done when needed. Two weeding were done manually using niri at 15 and 30 days after the emergence of seedlings. Irrigation was done as per experimental treatments. Grains were harvested plot-wise when about all crops reached their full maturity stage at 28 March 2019. Data collection: From each plot, central 1m2 area was harvested to record grain and straw yields and five hills were collected to record data of different yield and yield contributing characters at the time of harvesting. The harvested crop was brought to the threshing floor and sundried. The grains were then threshed by hand, cleaned and dried in the sun for three to four consecutive days for achieving safe moisture content of seed. Straw was also sundried for three to four consecutive days. Statistical analysis: The recorded data were compiled and tabulated for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was done with the help of a computer package program, MSTAT-C. The mean differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). The cost of individual head of expenditure was recorded and partial budget analysis was done.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(4): 968–974, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.13958

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The treatment combination of two irrigations at CRI and 40 DAS with the application of 120 kg N ha^-1 was effective in producing higher grain yield and economically more suitable than the other treatment combinations in wheat. So, to get maximum grain yield and highest economic return two irrigations at CRI and 40 DAS with an application of 120 kg N ha^-1 may be a promising technique for wheat production.

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