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Estimating Genetic Variability in Dual Saline and Submergence Condition of Rice (oryza Sativa L.)

S.M. Nagib Mahfuz
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Sumaiya Farzana
Graduate Training Institute (GTI), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Asadulla Al Galib
Agronomy division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute BRRI, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Tusher Chakrobarty
Rice Farming Systems (RFS) division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute BRRI, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Lutful Hassan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Both salinity and submergence are the global problems adversely affecting agricultural productivity in the coastal areas around the world. The current climate change made this situation more complex and is a threat to crop production. The present study was aiming to analyze genetic parameters among yield and yield related traits for ten rice genotypes in both saline and submergence condition. An experiment using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and five different treatments viz., control, 9dSm^-1 salinity + without submergence, 6dSm^-1 salinity + complete submergence, normal water + complete submergence, 9dSm^-1 salinity + complete submergence was conducted to estimate the genetic variability of ten rice genotypes. All the traits under this study reduced in both saline and submergence condition except days to flowering. In stressed condition, grain yield of all rice genotypes was reduced than no stressed condition. Considering all the treatments BRRI dhan47 showed higher stress tolerance followed by Binadhan-8, RC-191 and RC-221. In the present investigation, the highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were 21.42% and 30.16% observed for grain yield plant^-1 (g), followed by total tillers hill^-1 (11.92%, 17.42%) indicating that there is enough genetic variability for the traits. High heritability observed in the traits days to flowering followed by plant height and moderate heritability observed in grain yield plant^-1 followed by filled grains panicle^-1. This finding can be used for further breeding programs which helps in crop improvement under both saline and submergence condition.

Keywords: Rice, Salinity, Submergence, Genetic variability, Heritability, Genetic advance

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice, Waterlogging

Objectives:

To generate useful information on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advances among yield and yield related traits for ten rice genotypes in both saline and submergence condition.

Methodology:

Genotypes and treatments: Three released genotypes of BINA, two genotypes of BRRI and five advanced breeding lines from IRRI were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh and used as study materials for this experiment. The experiment was laid out in two factor RCB design with five replications in the net-house of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. Submerged condition considered as factor-I and saline water as factor-II. Four treatments along with control (T₁: Control environment where no treatment was imposed, T₂: Without submergence pressure 9 dSm^-1 (9 dSm^-1 ≈ 90 mM NaCl) saline condition was applied to plants at late vegetative stage for 7 days, T₃: Plants submerged in 6 dSm^-1 saline water at late vegetative stage for 7 days, T₄: Plants submerged in normal water for 7 days at late vegetative stage. T₅: Plants submerged in 9 dSm^-1 saline water at late vegetative stage for 7 days) were performed on rice genotype in this study. Intercultural operations such as weeding, crop protection measures, water management and fertilization were done by following the IRRI standard procedures (IRRI 2002). Preparation of pots and trays:
Net clothes were used for preparation of bags which was well fitted in fiber pots. Net bags were placed at the bottom of the pots. Then the pots were filled with soil containing N, P and K containing fertilizer. Trays were filled with normal tap water and pots were placed in the trays. These trays were served as water bath. For saline treatment Glass fiber trays were filled with ordinary tap water and the soil containing fertilizers were pulverized. Water level was maintained same as the soil level in both types of trays. When the soil began to settle in absorbed water, extra soil was added to maintain correct level (20 cm from bottom to top of the trays) of soil.
Collection of seeds and sowing of pre-germinated seeds: The seeds were kept in the convection oven for 5 days at 50°C for breaking the seed dormancy. The oven-treated seeds were soaked with tap water for 24 hours for pre-germination. The pre-germinated seeds (3-4 seedshill-1) of test genotypes were sown on the soil surface in soil-filled trays. After two weeks of seedling, the seedlings were thinned to two per hill and the water level raised 1-2 cm above the soil surface. The water level maintained daily and the plants were protected from pests and diseases by using pesticides. Preparation of saline water solution 6 pieces cylindrical shape water bath (1m height/piece) each of them contains 271 liter water, crude salt (NaCl), water, pH meter were used to prepare saline water solution. The salinized water solution was prepared up to the desired EC level by dissolving crude salt (NaCl) in the water while stirring. For this purpose 3 g/L and 4 g/L crude salt were used to make 6 dSm^-1 and 9 dSm^-1 saline solution (Gregorio et al., 1997). 6 dSm^-1 saline solution was prepared by adding 813 g crude salt in 271 L water. Similarly, 9 dSm^-1 saline solution was prepared by adding 1219.5 g crude salt in 271 L water. Following is the formula to make a saline solution:
Required amount of salt (g)= Salt per liter for 1 dSm^-1 × Desired Electric Conductivity
Where, 1dS electric conductivity per meter =135.5 g salt per liter.
Treatment setup
For the treatment T₂ to T₅, when the seedlings reached at the late vegetative stage, all water from the trays were siphoned out and given a 24-h break. Then 6 dSm^-1 and 9 dSm^-1 saline water solution were prepared in two separate plastic drums. After that, the plants in T₃ and T₅ were submerged in those water drums followed by treatments. Plants in T₄ were submerged in normal water and T₂ gave only 9 dSm^-1 saline water solution without submergence pressure. The EC of the salinized soil was monitored every day and adjusted when necessary using crude salt and tap water. After 7 days the plants were taken out from the drums and settled in normal environmental conditions.
Data collection: The genotypes were evaluated at late vegetative stage for their salinity and submergence tolerance using IRRI standard protocol (IRRI 2002). Data were recorded on the individual plants of the experimental tray considering days to flowering, plant height, tiller number per plant, panicle length, filled grain number per plant, unfilled grain number per plant, total dry matter, 100 seed weight, grain yield per plant.
Statistical analysis: MSTAT-C software was used to perform the two-way analysis of variance. Genotypic and phenotypic variances were estimated according to the formula given by Johnson et al. (1955).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(4): 993–1000, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.129086

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It can be concluded that moderate heritability values (50-70%) along with low genetic advance and genetic advance as a percentage of mean were found for the traits grain yield plant^-1 indicating the presence of additive gene action and selection will be beneficial for such traits. Selection on the basis of traits like days to flowering, plant height which showed high heritability values and grain yield plant^-1, filled grains panicle^-1 which showed moderate heritability values could lead to the improvement of salt and submergence tolerant rice genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal