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Effects of Garlic and Green Tea as Alternative Feed Additives in Broiler Diet

Md. Harun Or Rashid
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Shubash Chandra Das
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Mortuza Hossain
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Elias Hossain
Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of garlic and green tea as alternatives for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 35 days with 300 day-old Cobb-500 straight run broiler chicks. Birds were divided into five dietary treatment groups with four replications and each having 15 birds per replication. Treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 0% feed additives, 0.20% antibiotic, 0.25% garlic powder, 0.25% green tea powder and a combination of garlic and green tea powder (0.125% garlic powder and 0.125% green tea powder). Bodyweight, feed intake of the bird were recorded every week, whereas dressing parameters, meat and bone development, serum biochemical parameters and hematological parameter were measured at the end of the experiment. Bodyweight, bodyweight gain increased (P<0.05) in the garlic and antibiotic groups compared to the control group. Higher (P<0.05) feed intake was observed in the garlic group compared with the green tea, combined and control group. Improved (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio was found in garlic and green tea group alone or in a combination as well as an antibiotic group compared to the control group. Abdominal fat, serum cholesterol and serum LDL were lower (P<0.05) and serum HDL was higher (P<0.05) in the supplemented groups compared to the control and antibiotic groups. Serum triglyceride was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the antibiotic, garlic, green tea and combined groups compared to the control group. The combined group showed lower (P<0.05) serum GPT and creatinine value compared to the control group; whereas lower serum GOT value was found in the antibiotic group. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in hematological parameters (RBC, Hb and PCV) among the treatment groups. Taken together, the addition of garlic and green tea to the broiler diet had a positive effect on growth performances, lipid profile and serum biochemical parameters. There was no negative effect on meat yield, bone development, carcass parameters, hematological parameters, serum GOT, GPT and creatinine value. It may be suggested that the garlic and green tea could be potential feed additives for the production of antibiotic-free safe broiler.

Keywords: Garlic, Green tea, Growth, Biochemical parameters, Broiler

Location: Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Broiler, Feed

Objectives:

To evaluate the effect of garlic and green tea in broiler diet in terms of growth performance, carcass quality, hematological and serum biochemical parameters for the production of a safe broiler.

Methodology:

Experimental birds, diets and management: The experiment was carried out in the Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm. A total of 300 Cobb-500 day-old straight run broiler chickens with an average initial body weight of 40.15 ± 0.11g were used in the feeding trial of five weeks. All the birds were allocated into five dietary treatment groups. Each dietary group consists of 60 chicks distributed into 4 replicated pens having 15 chicks in each replication. The room was partitioned into 20 pens (7 feet x 3 feet) of equal size by using a wire net. A corn-soya based diet was formulated to meet the nutrient requirements of Cobb 500 commercial broiler (Cobb Breeder Management Guide, 2012). A starter diet was provided from day 1 to 21 day and then the grower diet was provided up to 35 days. The garlic was bought from the local market and then cleaned, peeled, cut into small pieces and then sun-dried on a polyethylene sheet and grounded. Green tea was bought from the local market. The trade name of the green tea was “Finlays”. The trade name of the antibiotics used in the experiment was “Renamycin”. Here, the first group was considered as a control group with no additives. In the second group 0.02% antibiotic was mixed with basal diet. In the third, fourth and fifth group 0.25% garlic powder, 0.25% green tea powder, a combination of 0.125% garlic powder and 0.125% green tea powder were mixed respectively with basal diet. In all cases, ad libitum feeds were offered to the broilers. Feed was supplied in such a way that the feeder was not kept empty. Data collection and record keeping: Each pan was considered an experimental unit in the experiment. The broilers were weighed by pen at the end of every week. After measuring the remaining feed at the end of the week, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were calculated. Processing of broiler and blood collection: At the end of the experiment, one bird per replication (close to the average weight of each replication) was selected for the determination of carcass characteristics. After fastened for 12 hours the bird was slaughtered to complete bleeding. Three ml of a blood sample from each replicate bird was taken from the jugular vein during bleeding. Tubes containing blood were placed in a slanting position (45º angles) at room temperature for clotting for two hours. Feathers were removed by hand pinning. Dressed broilers were cut into different parts. Then the head, shank, viscera, giblet (heart, liver and gizzard) and abdominal fat were removed for determination of meat yield parameters. After 2 hours separated blood serum was transferred to an eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. The serum was then transferred into another eppendorf tube and preserved at -20ºC until analysis. Blood hematological and biochemical analysis: Total erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) contents and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined as per technique described by Lamberg and Rothstein (1977). The total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) concentrations were measured according to previous methods described by Allain et al. (1974), Bucolo and David (1973), Friedewald et al. (1972) and Alen et al. (1979). Serum glutamic-puruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), creatinine were determined using methods described by Bahman et al. (2011). Statistical analysis: Data of body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), meat yield and internal organ and blood biochemical parameters of broilers were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design (CRD) employing SAS (2009) statistical package program. Differences among all treatments were separated by Duncan’s multiple range tests. In the result, P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(4): 1013–1020, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.2939

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded that supplementation of garlic and green tea to broiler diet has a positive effect on growth performances, lipid profile and serum biochemical parameters, and no negative effect on meat yield, bone development, carcass parameters, hematological parameters, serum GOT, GPT and creatinine value. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and green tea could be potential feed additives in the broiler diet and can be used as alternatives to antibiotics growth promoter for the production of the safe broiler.

Knowledge Management: Journal