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Effect of Mat Type Rice Seedling Growing Media on Block Formation and Fungal Infection

Md. Anwar Hossen
Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

A. B. M. Shahed
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M. R. Al Mamun
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

T. A. Tamanna
Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M. Mizanur Rahman
Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice seedling for mechanical transplanting must meet the requirements of the standard seedling block with uniform distribution of seedlings and inter-twisting roots for rolling. This study was carried out at the Farm Power and Machinery Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during Boro season/2018-19 with the objective of evaluating the different seedling growing media for raising quality mat type rice seedling. A two-way factorial design with 3 replications was followed to conduct the study. The seedling was raised on the plastic tray using two types of soil (sandy clay loam and sandy clay) mixing with four different categories of organic substance (decomposed cow dung, rice bran, rice husk and tea wastage) at the rate of 0.0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%, respectively to get the desired combinations as per treatments. The rolling quality of the seedling mat decreased and fungal infection increased with the increase of mixing rate of organic substance except for cow-dung. Sandy clay loam showed better performance on the rolling quality of the seedling mat over sandy clay soil. Tea wastage and rice husk organic substance indicated poor bonding of the seedling mat in both types of soils because of restricting the growth of the roots which loosen the bonding of the tray soil. There was a tendency for the crack to form on the sandy clay soil. In general, 10 to 15% of cow-dung or rice bran mixture with both types of soils was found suitable as growing media to get quality seedling in the mat for mechanical transplanting. The findings of the study could be promoted widely in the farmer’s field to raise the better quality of mat type seedling for better performance of the mechanical rice transplanter which ultimately led to getting better rice yield.

Keywords: Rice transplanter, Organic fertilizer, Rolling capacity, Pests and diseases, Percentage of soil mixture

Location: The Farm Power and Machinery Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date: 10-12-2018

End Date: 15-01-2019

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Seeder

Objectives:

To identify the suitable growing and covering media in combination with soil (sandy clay loam and sandy loam) and organic substances (rice husk, rice bran, waste of tea, etc.).

Methodology:

The study was conducted in the Farm Power and Machinery Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet in the irrigated dry season of Boro 2018-2019 from 10 December 2018 to 15 January 2019 and the latitude and longitude of the location is 24°54'33.9"N 91°54'05.2"E. Experimental design and treatments: Two-way factorial design with 3 replications was followed to conduct the study. The organic substance was used as factor A and the percentage of soil mixture was used as factor B for both types of soil separately. Four different categories of organic substance (cow dung, rice bran, rice husk, tea wastage) and two types of soil (sandy clay loam and sandy clay) were mixed separately at a different rate (100%, 95%, 90%, 85% and 80%) to get the desired combinations as per the treatments. The temperature and relative humidity during the seedling growing period were collected from the local weather stations and presented, respectively. Physical properties of the growing media: Cow dung, rice bran, rice husk and tea wastage were used as organic substances with two different types of soil. These substances were air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve. A representative amount of soil sample was used for analysis to identify the physical characteristics of the soil. Soil samples were analyzed in the SRDI (Soil Resource Development Institute) lab at Bypass road, Chondipul, Pirijpur, Sylhet and presented. Sample preparation and seedling raising on the plastic tray: All additional substances (cow dung, rice bran, rice husk and tea wastage) were mixed with sandy clay loam and sandy clay soil manually on a volume basis and filled up the trays. A seedling tray filled up with mixed soil at a thickness of 20 mm which is 3/4th of the trays. Seeds of BRRI dhan28 @ 140 g per tray were spread uniformly on the trays. After sowing, the soil mixture was spread over the seeds (3–4 mm thick) to cover the seeds. Data collected: Based on mechanical characteristics of rolling capacity, pests and diseases were measured after 30 days of sowing during Boro season by different parameters. The rolling capacity of the seedling mat and seedling strength was also measured 30 days after seeds sowing. A total of 50 undergraduate students and 02 faculties were evaluated the rolling quality of the seedling mat and given a score. The rolling quality of the seedling mat was measured in terms of scored 10 for excellent (no crack during rolling), 8 for good (single and minor crack), 6 for medium (more than one crack but possible to roll up: medium crack), 4 for bad (more than one crack and difficult to roll up: major crack), 2 for very bad (more than one and large size crack and very difficult to roll up: extreme crack) and 1 for not possible to roll up in any way. The pest and disease incidence was also observed 30 days after seed sowing. It was measured as a number of infected plants and expressed in percentage. Collected data were analyzed as a 2-way factorial design (factor A × factor B) according to Gomez and Gomez (1984) using Statistix 10 program (Statistix 10 software, 2013).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(4): 1073–1082, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.127431

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

For mechanical transplanting, seedbed preparation on a plastic tray or on a polythene sheet format type seedling raising is important. Quality seedling in terms of good rolling capacity and pests and diseases free seedling are important factors for widely used rice transplanter. The rolling quality of the seedling mat decreased and fungal infection increased with the increase of mixing rate of organic substance with base soil. On average, both types of soil up to 10% of cow-dung and tea wastage, and 5% of rice bran and rice husk gave good results for rolling quality of seedling mat as well as a less fungal infection.

Knowledge Management: Journal