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Damage Assessment of Bean Aphid, Aphis Craccivora Koch and Its Biorational Management

Sonia Sultana
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Mohammad Mahir Uddin
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Khandakar Shariful Islam
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was carried out at the field of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to determine the extent of damage of bean plants by aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. and its biorational management. Efficacy of biorationals viz. Neem oil (2ml/l), Mahogany oil (2ml/l), Karanja oil (2ml/l), Abamectin (1ml/l), Spinosad (1ml/l), Emamectin benzoate (1g/l) and Lufenuron(1ml/l) were evaluated against bean aphid, A. craccivora Koch. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications of each treatment. Three sprays of the treatments were made at 15 days interval. The highest mean percentage of infested twig (82.57), flower (71.38), and pod (79.51) were found in untreated plants at 100 days after seed sowing (DAS). But at 60 DAS the lowest average percent infestations were found 26.08, 34.28 and 33.33 in twig, flower and pod, respectively. The highest reduction of aphid on the twigs was found in Abamectin (70.14%) followed by Spinosad (64.14%) and Neem oil (59.16%). Similarly, the highest reduction of aphid was in Abamectin (79.02%) followed by Spinosad (73.95%) and Neem oil (69.22%) on the flowers. In both cases the lowest reduction of aphid was noticed in Karanja (39.24% & 48.70%) followed by Mahogany oil (40.72% & 54.00%). Reduction of aphid population on pods was the highest in Abamectin (86.97%), followed by Spinosad (81.97%) and Neem oil (75.1%) after 1st spray. The lowest reduction of aphid was found in Karanja oil (53.16%) followed by Mahogany oil (61.17%). After 2nd and 3rd sprays similar trend in percent reduction of aphid population was observed. Results also revealed that among the selected insecticides, Abamectin, Spinosad and Neem oil provided better protection of plants against bean aphid. The maximum increase of yield over control was found in Abamectin (9.37t/ha) followed by Spinosad (8.36 t/ha) and Neem oil (7.36 t/ha) after all sprays respectively.

Keywords: Botanical, Spinosad, Emamectin benzoate, Abamectin, Lufenuron, Management

Location: The field at Entomology Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-10-2016

End Date: 00-04-2017

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects

Objectives:

To determine the extent of damage of bean aphid and its management with different biorational insecticides.

Methodology:

To compare the efficacy of different biorational insecticides in managing bean aphid, a field experiment was carried out during the period from October, 2016 to April, 2017 in the field at the Entomology Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. To grow the bean plants the soil was well prepared and good tilth was ensured. The land of the experimental field was ploughed with drawn disc plough followed by laddering to make the soil suitable for seed sowing. After ploughing and laddering, all the stubbles and uprooted weeds were removed and then the land was ready. The field layout and design of the experiment were followed immediately after land preparation. Individual plots were prepared with a basal dose of chemical fertilizers with the help of a spade. At the same time as pre-sowing, final weeding was done to facilitate seed germination and minimize crop weed competition. The whole area of the experimental field was divided into 4 blocks and each block was again divided into 6 unit plots. There were 24 plots in the experiment with a single pit per plot. Pits were prepared in such a way that these pits remained at least 10 cm above the ground level to avoid water stagnation. After 7 days of pit preparation, seeds were sown followed by light irrigation to ensure soil moisture for germination. Subsequent irrigation was applied at the interval of 10-15 days inspecting the soil moisture level in all the plots. Five seeds were sown in each pit. Recommended manures and fertilizers were applied as per the recommendation of Mondal et al. (2011). Bean seeds of variety, Ipsha-2 were purchased from Notunbazar, Sadar Mymensingh and used for the development of experimental plants. After the germination of seeds, all the agronomic practices were performed to have healthy seedlings for the experiment. Propping of plants by bamboo sticks was provided to facilitate the climbing of the plants and to avoid their lodging. A platform was built by bamboo sticks horizontally and to allow normal creeping. Plants of each plot were allowed to creep in a single platform. The bamboo sticks were two-meter high from ground level. Different treatments for managing bean aphid such as botanical oils, microbial derivatives were prepared by taking insecticides into a plastic bottle with the addition of distilled water. In the case of botanical oils, 1 ml/L of liquid detergent was added to mix the oil with the water. Biorationals were measured by electric balance and micropipette based on the nature of insecticides. Then the biorationals were applied in the crops using a hand sprayer. The insecticides were applied against bean aphid from the flowering stages of plants. A total of 3 sprays of each treatment were given at 15 days of interval. The first treatment was applied on the 1st week of January 2017. The bean pods were harvested at maturity and weighed with the help of an electric balance. First of all, a single plant was tagged and then a number of aphid twig-1, flower-1and pod-1 was counted with the naked eye. Data were collected at 3, 5 and 7 days intervals after each spraying of treatments. Pretreatment data were also collected. Percentage twig, flower, and pod infestation and percentage reduction of aphid on twig, flower and pod over control were calculated using the following formulae. % infestation (twig, flower, pod) = (I/N) x 100. Where, I = number of infested twig, flower or pod, and N = a total number of twig, flower or pod % reduction of an aphid over control = (M_C–M_t)/M_c x 100. Where M_C = mean number of aphid in control and M_t = mean number of aphid in treatment. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were statistically analyzed using R statistic software and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to determine the levels of significant differences among the treatments.

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(S1): 795–804, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.9740

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Damage of the plants started from early growing stage but at 100 DAS it reached to the peak. On the aphid population reduction Abamectin clearly showed the best performance which was followed by Spinosad. On the percentage reduction of crop damage and increase of pod yield Abamectin was found to be effective followed by Spinosad. Therefore, these two biorationals might be used for the successful management of bean aphid in the field.

Knowledge Management: Journal