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Assessment of Water Quality of Bhabadah Water-logging Area of Khulna Division

Md. Taslim Hossain
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Arifur Rahman
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh

Kamrun Nahar
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

K. M. Mohiuddin
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Surface water is one of the most important natural resources for irrigation and drinking purposes which has a direct and indirect influence on humans, livestock, aquatic organisms, soils, crop and agro-ecosystem. An attempt was made to assess the quality of surface water collected from three Upazilas of Bhabadah water-logging area of Khulna Division, Bangladesh for irrigation and drinking usage. Total 40 surface water samples were collected from the study area. All the chemical analyses of water quality were done following standard methods. The pH value of the water samples was within an admissible range which was not problematic for irrigation and drinking usage. Electrical conductivity (EC) values were within the range of 461.0 to 2910.0 μS cm-1. As regards to Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), all the surface water samples were excellent class for irrigation usage. Based on Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), 35 samples were classified as excellent (SSP<20%), four samples were rated as good (SSP= 20-40%), one sample was rated as a permissible class (SSP=41-60%) and no sample was classified as doubtful (SSP = 61-80%). According to RSC and permeability index (PI), all the water samples were suitable for irrigation use. Salinity and alkalinity hazard index based on SAR and EC indicated that one sample was under low salinity class (C1), six samples under medium salinity class (C2), 33 samples under high salinity class (C3) and all the water samples were low alkalinity (S1) hazards. As per hardness (HT), all samples are soft in nature. The ionic dominance was in the order of Cl- > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > SO42- > Na+ > PO43- > HCO3- > K+. Contaminants present in surface water samples might be ignored and after some chemical treatment, it could be used for irrigation and drinking purpose.

Keywords: Physico-chemical properties, Bhabadah, Irrigation usage, Drinking usage

Location: Three Upazilas of Bhabadah water-logging area of Khulna Division, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2017

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

To assess the status of ionic contaminants in water samples of Bhabadah water-logging area of Khulna division with categorization of the water samples based on international standard.

Methodology:

Surface water sampling sites were selected randomly from two Upazilas of Jessore and one of Khulna. Exactly 40 water samples were randomly collected from different surface waterlogged area to cover most of the investigated area during 19-20 February, 2017 following the sampling techniques as outlined by Hunt and Wilson (1986) and APHA (2012). The sampling sites of surface water used for irrigation usage have been presented. All surface water samples were collected in plastic bottles (500 mL) previously washed with distilled water followed by dilute hydrochloric acid approximately about 450 mL in each bottle. Samples were collected from stagnant conditions of the selected area. Samples were carried out to the Postgraduate Research Laboratory of Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) and were kept in a clean, cool and dry place. Surface water samples were filtered through filter paper (Whatman No.1) to remove undesirable solids and suspended materials before chemical analysis. The chemical analyses of surface water samples were performed as soon as possible on arrival at the laboratory. The values of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured electrometrically (Gupta, 2013). The contents of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl^-, CO₃ ^2- and HCO₃ in water samples were analyzed by titrimetric method (Page et al., 1982; Gupta, 2013). The concentrations of K and Na ions in water samples were determined by the flame photometric method (APHA, 2012). The concentrations of PO₄ ³⁺ and SO4 2+ in water samples were determined by the spectrophotometric method (Tandon, 1995). The concentrations of CO₃ ^2- and HCO₃ ^- in surface water samples were estimated by the acidimetric method of titration as described by Gupta et al. (2012). The concentration of Cl ion in the surface water sample was estimated by the argentometric method of titration (Gupta, 2013). To evaluate the ionic contamination of surface water and assess the suitability of this water for irrigation use. The statistical analyses of the analytical results obtained from surface water samples were performed to find out the mean, range and coefficient of variation (CV). Correlation studies were also done following the standard method of the Computer Program (IBM SPSS statistics 20).

Source of Information: J Bangladesh Agril Univ 18(S1): 831–838, 2020 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.5455/JBAU.18787

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The research was done under a water-logged area of two Upazilas of Jessore and one Upazila of Khulna district. The chemical analyses showed that the ionic dominance was in the order of Cl^- > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > SO4^2- > Na⁺ > PO₄^3- >HCO₃^- > K⁺. The contents of Na⁺, K⁺, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2- and PO₄^3- were detected below the toxic level which might not pose threat to the usage of irrigation and drinking. However, the assessment of surface water samples from various chemical parameters indicates that the detected ionic contaminants might be ignored for long-term irrigation and drinking purpose, which can be used safely after some chemical treatment of water.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings